Afaq Lughawiyyah is a biannual (March and August) and refereed journal published by Penerbit UniSZA, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Afaq Lughawiyyah Journal is providing a platform for the researchers, academicians, professional, practitioners and students to impart and share knowledge in the form of empirical and theoretical original article, review article on the fundamentals, applications and management of Arabic Language and Literature Studies. The manuscripts for consideration to be published in the Journal can be written in Malay, English and Arabic. The journal aims to advance and disseminate knowledge in all the related areas that cover (but are not limited) to the following discipline: Linguistic (Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, Language Planning and Policy, Language Style, Corpus Linguistics, Translation, Phonetic and Phonology, Lexicography) Literature (Islamic Literature, Classic and Modern Literature, Rhetoric, Literary theory and Criticism, Comparative Literature, Children’s Literature, Travel Literature) Education (Language Pedagogy, Language Education, Second Language Acquisition, Arabic For Specific Purposes, Language And Technology, Arabic As A Second/Foreign Language)
Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
[MS] Inovasi Pedagogi Abad Ke-21: Impak Gamifikasi terhadap Penguasaan Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab di Sekolah Rendah
Arabic Vocabulary mastery constitutes a fundamental pillar in the learning of the Arabic language at the primary school level. Weak vocabulary acquisition often leads to significant challenges, including low motivation, limited student engagement, and overall poor language proficiency. In line with advancements in educational technology and innovation, interactive and innovative teaching approaches such as gamification are increasingly recognized as having strong potential to enhance both motivation and vocabulary acquisition among learners. This conceptual article aims to examine and analyze the potential of gamification as a 21st century pedagogical innovation in addressing issues related to motivation and Arabic vocabulary mastery. Based on a review of the literature, gamification elements such as rewards, achievement badges, and challenges are found to foster an engaging and holistic learning environment that captures students’ interest. A conceptual framework linking gamification with cooperative learning strategies is proposed as contribution to the field of language pedagogy, particularly in primary education. In conclusion, the shift from traditional “chalk and talk” methods to gamified approaches necessitates a transformation in the teacher’s role from a one way transmitter of information to an interactive facilitator. This transformation significantly supports the enchantment of Arabic language education in alignment with the demands of contemporary educational systems.
[MS] Saj' dan Fawasil: Satu Analisis Paradigmatik
This study discusses the classical scholarly debate in the Islamic discipline of balaghah (rhetoric) concerning the use of the terms saj' (rhymed prose) or fawasil (verse endings) to describe the phonetic harmony at the conclusions of Qur'anic verses. This research argues that the debate is not merely a terminological issue but rather reflects a more subtle clash of epistemological paradigms in approaching the revealed text. Through a qualitative content analysis of primary works in balaghah, this study identifies and compares the arguments of two main schools of thought. The first group, grounded in the paradigm of purification (al-tanzih), rejects the term saj' on theological and ethical (adab) grounds, and prioritizes the term fawasil, which is derived from the Qur'an itself. The second group, rooted in the paradigm of analysis and disclosure (al-kashf), accepts saj' as a valid descriptive category based on textual observation, distinguishing it into praiseworthy (mahmud) and blameworthy (madhmum) types. The discussion demonstrates that this clash yields two distinct emphases in understanding the Qur'an's rhetorical inimitability (i'jaz al-balaghi): either as a transcendent uniqueness that is a difference in kind, or as the highest paradigmatic excellence within the same genus (perfection within the same genus). In conclusion, this debate can be understood as a collective effort by the scholars to formulate a "sacred rhetoric" that allows for a scholarly explanation of the beauty of the Qur'an's language without compromising its unique and inimitable status as the Kalamullah (Word of God).
[AR] Dawr al-Zaka' al-Istina'i fi Ta'lim al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah 'Umuman wa al-Lahjah al-Suriyyah Khususan li al-Natiqin bi Ghayriha
This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching Standard Arabic and the Syrian dialect to non-native speakers, amid the gap between formal and spoken varieties. A descriptive analytical method was adopted, based on reviewing recent literature and analyzing selected AI-based language learning applications. The findings indiclearning andupports the four language skills, provides adaptive learning, and offers initial capabilities for digitally documenting the Syrian dialect, despite current limitations in dialect processing accuracy. The study recommends developing structured Arabic and dialectal learning resources, enhancing Arabic-focused language models, and conducting future applied research.
[AR] Al-Tahaddiyyat al-Sawtiyyah fi Ta'allum al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah min Wijhat Nazar al-Mu'allimin: Dirasah Tahliliyyah fi Maliziya
This study aims to analyse the major phonetic challenges faced by non-native Arabic learners in Malaysia from the perspectives of Arabic language teachers. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study utilised a mixed-methods design that included a two-axis questionnaire distributed to forty (40) teachers, and semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of ten (10) teachers. The findings revealed that pharyngeal sounds and emphatic sounds were the most difficult for learners to pronounce, primarily due to the absence of these phonemes in their mother tongue, limited phonological awareness, and insufficient opportunities for structured practice. These results align with previous studies that highlighted similar difficulties among Asian learners, a finding further supported by the SPSS analysis, which indicated relatively high mean scores for sound difficulty (M = 4.12) and related causes (M = 3.85). The qualitative data also indicated additional instructional challenges, such as restricted class time and a lack of specialised pronunciation resources. The study recommends developing targeted phonetic training programs, integrating modern technological tools, and enhancing teacher proficiency in immediate correction strategies to improve learners’ communicative competence.
[AR] Ikhtilaf al-Siyaghah bayna Ism al-Fa'il wa al-Fi'l al-Madi fi daw' al-Qira'at al-Qur'aniyyah: Dirasah Dalaliyyah
This study examines the variation in formulation between the active participle (Ism Al-Fail) and the past tense verb (fi’il Madhi) in the Quranic readings from a semantic perspective. It aims to identify the occurrences of this variation and explore the semantic differences resulting from the shift between the two forms in the Quranic readings, as well as to clarify the extent to which the Quranic context influences the meaning of the use of the active participle and the past tense verb. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by using Mu’jam al-Qiraat to collect instances of variances found in the Quranic readings before analyzing them semantically by referring to Quranic exegesis and Arabic lexical sources. The findings reveal that the variation between the forms of Ism Fa’il and Fi’il Madhi in the Al-Quran verses and demonstrates the precision of Quranic expression. The Ism Fa’il generally conveys the meanings of permanence and continuity, whereas the fi’il Madhi indicates the occurrence and renewal of an action according to the context of the verse. The study also found that the shift between these two forms is not merely a lexical variation, but rather carries various rhetorical and semantic dimensions determined by the Quranic context, thereby highlighting the role of the context in directing meaning and manifesting the linguistic eloquence and miraculous nature of the Quran.
[MS] Penggunaan Kolokasi Idiosinkratik Struktur Kata Kerja dan Huruf Jar dalam Penulisan Akademik Bahasa Arab
Collocation is a highly critical linguistic phenomenon in determining the level of fluency and semantic accuracy among learners of Arabic as a foreign language (AFL). However, the existing corpus of literature indicates a major academic gap in providing a systematic analysis of idiosyncratic collocations, specifically those involving verb and preposition combinations at the tertiary education level. Driven by this problem, this study was undertaken with the primary objective of compiling, analyzing, and discussing the syntactic and pedagogical implications of 50 idiosyncratic Arabic collocations frequently utilized in oral communication and academic writing. The research design employs a descriptive-qualitative approach utilizing textual content analysis of both formal and informal modern Arabic text corpora. To ensure data validity, the selected collocations underwent an expert validation process by two experienced Arabic language lecturers. The empirical findings demonstrate that mastering idiosyncratic verb + preposition collocations is exceptionally challenging because the combination of these lexical units produces a new idiomatic meaning that departs significantly from the literal definitions of its original components. This article contributes a fresh pedagogical dimension and practical guidelines to assist educators in developing structured explicit training modules to minimize inter-lingual errors among tertiary learners.
[EN] The Limits of Neural Machine Translation in Translating Qur’anic Arabic into English: A Case Study of Surah al-Kawthar
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed a wide range of global activities including translation. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is increasingly used to process large data within short period. However, translating Qur’anic Arabic into English poses some challenges because of the richness of Arabic vocabulary, the complexity of its syntactic structures, the significance of context, and the cultural and religious meanings embedded in the Qur’anic text. The divine nature of the Glorious Qur’an further increases the need for accurate interpretation. This paper examines the limitations of NMT in translating Qur’anic Arabic into English, using Surah al-Kawthar as a case study. The study aims to highlight the linguistic challenges that may affect NMT, and examine the extent to which NMT conveys the meanings of the Qur’anic expressions when compared with selected human translations. The paper is divided into four main parts. The first part introduces the study. The second part examines the limitations of NMT at the level of Qur’anic vocabulary. The third discusses the challenges of NMT at the level of Arabic syntactic structure. The fourth compares NMT for translating Surah al-Kawthar with the four selected human translations in order to identify similarities and differences in translating the three verses. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive design and select (4) human English translations of the Glorious Qur’an to compare between NMT and human translations. The research concludes that NMT cannot replace human translators, but collaboration of both is needed for effective translation, especially when translating divine scripture like the Glorious Qur’an.
[EN] Representation of Women in Nigerian Society: A Study of Selected Arabic Literary Prose Works of Hamid Mahmud Ibrahim Al-Hijri
Literature, as a branch of the humanities, reflects the socio-cultural realities of its environment. Like other genric forms, Arabic literary prose in Nigeria contributes to portraying societal issues, including the status and treatment of women. With a focus on gender inequalities, this study aims to examine the depiction of women in Nigerian society through Arabic literary prose. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three novels by Hamid Mahmud Ibrahim al-Hijri (Khadimul-watan, Ma’satul-hubb and Intiqam), which were analysed through thematic and textual analysis within a qualitative descriptive design, using feminist literary criticism as the interpretive framework. The findings reveal that al-Hijri writes as a sympathetic chronicler of women's condition: his prose exposes, with evident compassion, the class, religious and patriarchal pressures under which women suffer, yet it stops short of granting women decisive agency over their own fates. The study concludes that Nigerian Arabic literary prose is nonetheless a valuable medium for raising awareness of women's issues and prompting reflection on gender balance.
[AR] Tatawwur Ta'lim al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah fi Maliziya: Dirasah Tarikhiyyah Tahliliyyah
This study aims to trace the historical development of Arabic language education in Malaysia and to analyze the religious, cultural, and political factors that influenced its spread and evolution. Since the arrival of Islam to the Malay Archipelago through Arab traders and preachers, the Arabic language has become an essential component of the religious and cultural identity of Muslims in the region. Arabic instruction was initially tied to the learning of the Qur’an and Islamic teachings, beginning with mosque study circles and traditional Quranic schools known locally as pondok. Over time, Arabic education evolved into more structured religious schools supported by sultans and scholars. However, during the British colonial period, Arabic lost its status in favor of European and Asian languages, creating an educational and linguistic gap across generations. The 20th century witnessed a revival, marked by the establishment of national Islamic secondary schools (SMKA) and, later, the launch of the J-QAF program in 2005, which reintroduced Arabic into the national primary school curriculum. This research adopts a historical-analytical methodology and is based on educational records and socio-cultural contexts. It presents the Malaysian experience as a model for understanding the role of Arabic in shaping Islamic identity in non-Arab societies and highlights opportunities for its further development.
[MS] Komunikasi Nonverbal al-Quran (KNVQ) Sebagai Medium Perantara bagi Wahyu, Dakwah dan Pedagogi Moden
This study examines the concept of Qur’anic Nonverbal Communication (KNVQ) as a form of divine communication that transcends linguistic, spiritual, and educational dimensions. Based on content analysis of Qur’anic verses and the views of classical exegetes such as al-Tabari, al-Zamakhshari, and Ibn Kathir, the study finds that nonverbal communication has been institutionalised by revelation as a legitimate and instructive channel of messaging. The Qur’an is not merely a verbal text; it also contains symbols, expressions, and nonverbal actions that educate humankind about patience, reliance on God, and moral values. The study identifies ten major categories of KNVQ embedded within the Qur’anic text—physical appearance (appearance), bodily movements (kinesics), facial expressions, eye contact (oculesics), paralanguage (vocalics), space and distance (proxemics), touch (haptics), environment (environmentics), smell (olfactics), and time (chronemics). Each of these categories carries educational, da‘wah, and pedagogical messages that can be applied in contemporary contexts. A comparison with Western theories by scholars such as Mehrabian, Birdwhistell, and Hall shows that the principles of nonverbal communication empirically identified in the 19th and 20th centuries had in fact been articulated in the Qur’an more than 1,400 years earlier. The difference lies in the Qur’an’s emphasis on spiritual and moral dimensions as the essence of nonverbal messages, rather than merely psychological or linguistic phenomena. Further research through the Qur’anic Nonverbal Communication Pedagogy Module (MPKNVQ) demonstrates that integrating KNVQ elements into teaching enhances students’ attitudes, motivation, and achievement. Teachers who adopt nonverbal messages such as facial expressions, vocal tone, and eye contact grounded in Qur’anic values are found to be more effective in cultivating a learning environment characterised by compassion, focus, and respect. In conclusion, KNVQ serves as a bridge between revelation and modern pedagogy. It not only enriches Islamic communication theory but also offers a holistic educational framework that integrates spiritual, emotional, and intellectual dimensions. The study recommends that KNVQ elements be formally incorporated into the curriculum of Arabic language education, Islamic studies, and leadership training to develop a generation of educators and da‘wah practitioners who communicate with wisdom, empathy, and Qur’anic adab.
[AR] Dalalat al-Mufradat al-Mutaradifah fi "Kitab al-Alfaz: al-Kitabah wa al-Ta'bir" li Ibn al-Marzuban al-Bahith
The old lexical meaning refers to the definitions of synonymous words as found in historical dictionaries, whereas the modern lexical meaning pertains to the definitions provided in contemporary dictionaries. This research aims to examine the semantics of synonyms in Ibn al-Marzuban's book Writing and Expression, focusing on both the old and modern lexical meanings within their contextual usage. It also seeks to analyze selected synonyms through the consultation of historical dictionaries and lexicons. A comparative analysis between the old and modern lexical meanings will be conducted, alongside an exploration of the meanings of individual words within their contextual phrases. Studying employs a descriptive and analytical approach. Findings indicate that, in the chapter on congratulations and gifts, the vocabulary associated with phrases such as pious and God-fearing reveals semantic meanings that vary according to context. Similarly, expressions like happy and praiseworthy, auspicious and blessed, good and dear, as well as supporter and helper and supporter and burden, demonstrate nuanced differences in meaning. In the section addressing responses to condolences and affliction, the word spreading appears in various expressions, including nor healing of her wound, nor filling of her breach, nor mending of her fracture, nor patching of her tear, and nor worse for her words. These expressions convey similar or closely related meanings. In the section on gratitude, several phrases such as and he is more deserving of praise refer to meanings that are similar but articulated with different words, potentially carrying distinct lexical or contextual connotations. Additionally, in the section on excuses, the phrase my sin, even if it is great encompasses multiple meanings, which are discussed in light of their lexical semantic context.
[MS] Simbolisme Uslub al-Qasr dalam Imej Tashbih Puisi Kemala: Kajian Retorik Berdasarkan Teori 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
This study examines the rhetorical style of al-qa?r in tashb?h imagery found in the poetry of Kemala - Malaysia’s 11th National Laureate - with a focus on its rhetorical function in conveying symbolic meanings and the poet’s reflections. The objective of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of Kemala’s use of al-qasr techniques in emphasizing spiritual ideas and to explore how he employs poetic imagery and symbolism to reinforce the messages in his poems through tashbih imagery. The study adopts a textual analysis method based on the rhetorical theory of 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, emphasizing the relationship between linguistic structures, imagery, meaning and the resulting aesthetic effects. The findings reveal that Kemala employs the uslub al-qasr subtly and creatively in tashbih imagery to highlight dual layers of meaning - between the apparent and the hidden, the worldly and the divine. Through this stylistic approach, Kemala successfully underscores the oneness of God while reflecting the integrity of Islamic faith and worldview in his poetry. In conclusion, the uslub al-qasr consistently enriches the layers of meaning in Kemala’s poetry, demonstrating his mastery in blending language, imagery and philosophical depth poetically and profoundly.
[MS] Analisa Keperluan Modul Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab untuk Tujuan Debat
Previous studies highlight that debate can enhance language skills, particularly speaking skills. However, there are two questions that still require further investigation. The first question concerns the extent of the Arabic language proficiency of debaters, especially in constructing sentences when presenting arguments. The second question relates to the perception of non-debating students, who view the use of Arabic in debates as challenging. On this basis, a specialized Arabic language learning module for debate purposes is deemed necessary to facilitate learning. This study aims to examine the need to develop a dedicated Arabic learning module for debate purposes. In addition, the study also seeks to obtain experts’ perspectives on the content and design for developing this module. The study employed a qualitative approach using interviews as the method of data collection. Three experts from three fields — instructional technology, debate, and Arabic language — were interviewed. The data were then transcribed and analyzed manually. The findings indicate that all respondents agree on the need to develop an Arabic learning module specifically for debate purposes, while also providing several recommendations to help make the module more effective.
[AR] Tahlil Wasfi li al-Akhta' al-Lughawiyyah al-Kitabiyyah li Muta'allimi al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah al-Natiqin bi Ghayriha
One of the most common issues in learning the Arabic language is the weakness of students’ writing skills and the various obstacles they face in developing this skill, particularly in the areas of grammar, morphology, spelling, and semantics. This problem is widespread among learners of Arabic worldwide, not only in Malaysia. The weakness in writing skills can be attributed to several factors, most notably the complexity of Arabic grammatical and morphological rules, as well as the reliance of many educational programs on theoretical instruction without providing sufficient opportunities for practical application. In addition, the influence of learners’ mother tongues often leads to recurring linguistic errors. Although many researchers and scholars have discussed this issue, it remains one of the greatest challenges faced by learners of Arabic as a foreign language. The importance of this study lies in its focus on identifying the most common linguistic errors committed by students—grammatical, morphological, semantic, and spelling errors—along with analyzing them. The study further explores the primary causes behind these errors and the reasons for their recurrence through interviews conducted with the student sample who took the test, followed by interviews with their instructors to verify these causes and identify the solutions and measures adopted to overcome such difficulties and challenges.
[AR] Dawafi' Istikhdam ChatGPT lada Tullab Qism al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah bi al-Jami'ah al-Islamiyyah al-'Alamiyyah bi Maliziya
With ChatGPT's increasing utility in the academic field, it has become a valuable tool for language users. This study aimed to explore the motivations of Arabic language students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) for using ChatGPT, whether these motivations were extrinsic or intrinsic. This study adopted a descriptive quantitative approach to collect the sample. The study surveyed 30 male and female students and collected data using a questionnaire created via Google Forms. The researcher then analyzed the data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and employed arithmetic mean analysis. The results of the study showed that the most significant extrinsic reason for students' use of ChatGPT was the ease of access to information, while students were more likely to be intrinsically motivated when using ChatGPT, believing it could help save time and effort in searching for information. This indicates that they perceive ChatGPT not only to overcome challenges but also as a learning support tool.
International Islamic University Malaysia
[AR] Mazaya Tariqah Tadris al-Mu'allimin Ghayr al-Natiqin bi al-'Arabiyyah wa 'Uyubuha fi Ta'lim al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah
Non-native Arabic-speaking teachers play a prominent role in the contemporary era, particularly in the field of teaching the Arabic language. This study aims to explore the advantages of the teaching methods employed by non-native Arabic-speaking teachers in this field. A subsequent objective is observed to identify the potential disadvantages of their teaching approach. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive methodology, whereby a questionnaire was distributed to 35 targeted participants using Google Forms. The data collected were then processed and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study yielded several findings, the most significant of which is that the advantages of the non-native teachers' instructional methods outweigh their drawbacks. The participants viewed these teachers as competent in teaching Arabic and even considered them to be on par with their native Arabic-speaking colleagues.
[AR] Istratijiyyat Ta‘allum al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah lada al-Talabah li al-Saff al-Rabi‘ al-Thanawi fi Madaris ‘Adn al-Islamiyyah
This study aims to identify the most prominent Arabic language learning strategies used by fourth-year secondary school students in Islamic schools in Adni. It addresses two main types of strategies: traditional and modern. The researchers adopted a quantitative approach by distributing a questionnaire consisting of twenty items to a sample of thirty male and female students. The results showed that students still rely heavily on traditional strategies, particularly memorization and writing summaries with this item recording the highest overall mean score of 3.08. In contrast, the use of modern strategies was limited with a lower overall mean score of 2.68 which notably, “Google Translate” emerged as one of the most commonly used modern tools among students. Accordingly, these findings contribute to providing a realistic insight into the strategies employed by fourth-year secondary students in learning Arabic at Islamic schools in Aden.
[AR] Tatbiq Istikhdam Tariqah al-Kharitah al-Dhihniyyah fi Ta'lim Kitab al-Shamil lada Talibat Ma'had al-Jami'ah al-Mustawa al-Thani
This research aims to understand the application of the mind mapping method in teaching the comprehensive, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. The research methodology used in this study is qualitative, employing a case study approach, which involved data collection through observations in their programs, interviews with the teacher and students, and documentation with images. Data analysis was conducted following what is necessary according to the Huberman and Miles model. The results of the research indicated first: that the application of the mind mapping method in teaching the comprehensive book is a method that can be utilized in the learning process by summarizing important aspects of the study material in the form of a mind map, allowing students to remember the material more easily. Second: the supporting factors include the way the teacher explains the material clearly and understandably to the students, the enthusiasm with which the teacher presents the material that encourages the students to feel excited too, and the enthusiasm from the students to learn something new. As for the inhibiting factors, they are some female students who lack concentration during lessons because they think about things outside of the lessons, such as assignments from the student council of the institute or assignments from the student activities unit, and attending lecture and discussion hours.
[AR] Dawr Wasa'il al-Tawasul al-Ijtima'i al-'Arabiyyah wa al-Malayuwiyyah fi al-Hadd min Tafashshi al-Lahn wa Isna' al-Kifayah al-Lughawiyyah
This study deals with the role played by social media in reducing the spread of common linguistic errors and improving linguistic competence among students, as well as those interested in the Arabic language and keen to learn it. The researcher adopted the analytical inductive approach, and the study yielded several results, including: There are many terms that indicate a departure from the linguistic norm among Arabs, including: incorrect pronunciation, mistake, and error, and there is no dispute over the term; old and contemporary sources used all of these terms, and social media also plays an important role in serving the Arabic language and reducing - to some extent – these linguistic errors. This is done in a direct way represented by linguistic corrections, and an indirect way manifested in linguistic refinement by enhancing the linguistic skills through the content related to Arabic syntax, morphology linguistic differences.
[MS] Manifestasi Maqamat Sufi dalam Antologi Puisi ‘Ayn, Karya Ahmad Kamal Abdullah (Kemala)
The development of modern poetry in Malaysia has witnessed the emergence of a Sufi movement manifested by poets to convey Sufi thought to readers. However, it was found that studies analyzing the works of Malaysian poets using a clear framework or theory of Tasawuf are still limited. In the context of Sufi scholarship, Imam al-Ghazali outlined six maqamat derived from seven ‘aqabat, which can be used as a framework for evaluating and categorizing Sufi poetry. This study aims to analyze the application of Imam al-Ghazali's Sufi maqamat framework in understanding modern Malay Sufi poetry, specifically through the anthology ‘Ayn by Kemala. Although modern Sufi poetry is rich in spiritual symbolism, it is rarely explicitly categorized according to the stages of Sufi spirituality. Therefore, al-Ghazali’s maqamat framework—comprising six key stages: ma’rifah, taubat, zuhud, syukur, mahabbah, and fana’—functions as an authentic and systematic analytical tool to uncover the hidden spiritual dimensions within selected texts. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis, this study identifies key symbols such as wind, garden, child, face, chest, beloved, drunk and figures, then interprets them through the lens of three maqamat categories: experience (self-awareness), evaluation (moral purification), and attainment (union with the Divine). Findings confirm that Kemala’s poems consistently reflect the spiritual journey of a salik (spiritual seeker) aligned with al-Ghazali’s framework. More importantly, this framework serves not merely for classification but as a universal guide enabling both academic and general readers to comprehend Sufi poetry from a profound and meaningful spiritual perspective. The study also affirms the enduring relevance of classical Sufi tradition within contemporary literature, demonstrating that modern Sufi poetry transcends aesthetic expression to serve as an effective medium of spiritual education, guiding the soul toward purification and recognition of the Almighty.
[MS] Persepsi Pelajar Cemerlang Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Interaktif dan Inovatif Bahasa Arab
The teaching of Arabic requires relevant, dynamic, and effective approaches to meet the learning needs of contemporary students. In line with advancements in educational technology and pedagogical innovation, interactive and innovative teaching strategies are increasingly recognised as key drivers in enhancing learners’ motivation, engagement, and achievement. This study examines the perceptions of high-achieving undergraduates enrolled in a bachelor’s degree programme in Arabic Language regarding the implementation of interactive and innovative strategies in Arabic language instruction. Purposive sampling and structured interviews were used to gather data for the qualitative study design. The findings reveal that interactive approaches—such as gamified learning, collaborative tasks, and multimedia integration—effectively enhance student engagement, motivation, and language proficiency. Innovative methods, including the use of digital platforms and creative pedagogical tools, were found to strengthen comprehension and sustain learners’ interest in language study. Participants also underscored the importance of emotional responsiveness, teacher enthusiasm, and contextual relevance in shaping positive learning experiences. The study offers practical implications for educators and curriculum developers seeking to optimise Arabic language pedagogy in higher education institutions. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of these approaches across diverse educational contexts and learner profiles.
[AR] 'Anasir al-Ramz wa al-Usturah fi Shi'r al-Sha'ir Mahmoud Darwish
Mahmoud Darwish is considered one of the most prominent Palestinian poets of the modern era. He was the first to advance modern Arabic poetry and integrate symbolism into it. He is one of the greatest poets in world literature, and through this, the richness of his poetic output is recognized. Therefore, the researcher aimed to know the biography of the poet Mahmoud Darwish and to identify the new poetic styles in Mahmoud Darwish poetry. To achieve this, the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach to reach the desired goal. Among the findings reached by the researcher is that Mahmoud Darwish is one of the most beautiful and sincere artistic voices expressing the new phase in Palestinian Arabic poetry, Mahmoud Darwish used symbols and myths in his poetic texts to transform the concept into a non- concept. In view of the above-mentioned results, the researcher proposed a study on symbolism and myth in Mahmoud Darwish poetry to facilitate understanding of the poems.
[AR] al-Maqati' al-Sawtiyyah wa Dalalatuha fi Shi'r Muhammad al-Awwal Abdus-Salam "Sahib al-Qur'an": Qasidata al-Mushajariyyah wa al-Husayniyyah Unmuzajan
Each of the international languages ??is its own talmudic system, and this tomography system is clear based on the values ??of each of these languages ??and its vocal laws. Therefore, when a person speaks, he uttered a series of successive and successive voices, and they are interconnected and seduced in groups called "words", and these words may be regular in sentences and phrases, give meaning, clear and intended from the (speaker) towards the future (the recipient), and concerned with these words, an intertwined and interconnected vocal bind Language votes resort to eating each unilateral voice and presenting a description of its characteristics and components, as this aims to achieve an educational goal that facilitates the study of the voices of the language. In this manner, the article entitled "The rhythm of the audio clip and its significance in the poetry of Muhammad I Abd al-Salam, the owner of the Qur’an, is focused on the poems of the Al-Mushajariyyah and Husayniyyah as a model".
[AR] al-Itlaq wa al-Taqyid fi Tahlil al-Nusus al-Diniyyah: Surah al-A'la Namuzajan
This article is an applied and scholar exhibition study of gratis and gratuitous articles in Islamic religious texts. It intends to certify the influence of these two mechanisms in finding the hidden meanings from the text, and to proclaim which one is common in usage. The researcher followed descriptive and analytical methods in this article. The article consists of lexical and technical meaning of the terms, the main gratuitous articles and a case study of gratis and gratuitous in one of the Quranic chapters (Surah al-A’la). The result shows that gratuitous is more common in use than gratis, this is essential for explicitly and clearance of the text contents. It also restricts receiver autonomy to check ambiguity and misunderstanding.
[AR] Zawahir Bayaniyyah fi Kitab "Dala'il al-Khayrat wa-Shawariq al-Anwar fi Dhikr al-Salah 'ala al-Nabiyy al-Mukhtar" li al-Juzuli
This study explores and analyzes the rhetorical features in the book Dal??il al-Khayr?t wa Shaw?riq al-Anw?r f? Dhikr Salat al-Nab? al-Mukht?r by Imam Mu?ammad ibn Sulaym?n al-Jaz?l?. Renowned as one of the most influential and widely circulated collections of prayers upon the Prophet in the Islamic world, the book stands out as a unique blend of rhetorical eloquence. Its language is richly adorned with diverse rhetorical devices such as metaphor, simile, metonymy, all of which the author masterfully employs to enhance the spirit of supplication, veneration, and intercession. These devices lend both aesthetic beauty and spiritual depth to the text. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to identify and interpret these rhetorical phenomena, examining their functional roles within the textual structure and inductive approach. The study also reviews the limited but noteworthy previous scholarship that has addressed the rhetorical dimensions of Dal??il al-Khayr?t, which remains underexplored compared to its theological and historical aspects. The study concludes that Dal??il al-Khayr?t is not merely a devotional text but also a valuable rhetorical legacy that deserves deeper rhetorical analysis. The research is based on the Sahliyyah manuscript, regarded as the most reliable version of the text.
[AR] Jamaliyyat al-Hiwarat al-Qur'aniyyah 'an Mashahid Yaum al-Qiyamah lada al-Mufassirin: Surah al-Mu'minun Unmuzajan
Dialogue is considered one of the rhetorical devices used to portray unseen scenes in the Holy Qur’an. It serves as a powerful means to convey profound meanings and depict invisible events in an impactful manner. This prominent rhetorical style is clearly manifested in Surah Al-Mu’minun. Previous studies indicate that the aesthetic dimension of the dialogues related to the scenes of the Day of Judgment in Surah al-Mu’minun has not yet been sufficiently explored, particularly in terms of its contribution to highlighting Qur’anic meanings and influencing the recipient. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze the aesthetic features of Qur’anic dialogue in Surah al-Mu’minun that express the scenes of the Day of Judgment. The study aims to identify the dialogues pertaining to the Day of Judgment in Surah Al-Mu’minun, providing examples from relevant verses and analyzing their rhetorical elements. It adopts the descriptive-analytical method in examining Qur’anic texts that present dialogues in the contexts of Barzakh, Hellfire, and Paradise, while exploring the role of rhetorical techniques in vividly portraying these scenes. One of the key findings of this study is that dialogue in Surah al-Mu’minun functions as a rhetorical tool that breathes life into unseen scenes, enhancing their emotional and intellectual impact on the reader. Furthermore, it contributes to clarifying spiritual meanings in a lucid and captivating style, thereby enabling a deeper understanding of the Qur’anic messages.
[AR] Zahirah al-Taqdim wa al-Ta'khir li al-Ayat al-'Aqdiyyah min Surah Ali 'Imran: Dirasah Tahliliyyah fi Daw' Nazariyyah al-Nazm li 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
The Holy Qur’an is a divine revelation from Allah, which has challenged mankind to produce anything like it. It is composed with eloquent rhetorical styles that surpass the eloquence and rhetoric of the Arabs, one of the most prominent of which is the style of al-taqdim wa al-ta’khir. This study aims to examine this stylistic feature within the doctrinal verses of Surah Ali 'Imran and to analyze it from a precise rhetorical perspective, based on the theory of Nazm (order and structure) as presented by 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani in his renowned work Dala'il al-I'jaz. Accordingly, this research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to trace occurrences of al-taqdim wa al-ta’khir in the Surah, to categorize the rhetorical patterns therein, and to explain the semantic impact of this unique style in reinforcing the meanings of tawhid (monotheism). The study concludes that this stylistic phenomenon does not occur in a random or arbitrary manner within the verses, but rather follows a deliberate precision to achieve multiple rhetorical objectives such as emphasis, exclusivity, and others. In other words, the research confirms the coherence of al-Jurjani’s theoretical framework, where the arrangement of words and phrases within Qur’anic sentences serves to actualize their profound meanings and distinctive miraculous nature.
[MS] Model Pengajaran Tarikh Adab dan Nusus untuk Kurikulum Bersepadu Dini (KBD)
The Integrated Dini Curriculum (KBD), known as the Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document DSKP KBD Review 2022, incorporates the subjects of Adab and Nusus, which are derived from the syllabus and textbooks of the Al-Azhari curriculum. The teaching of these subjects primarily focuses on translation methods to aid in comprehending the content. A model suggested by Carter and Long (1991) in the context of English literature for literature teaching has been established. This study aims to explore Arabic language teachers' perspectives on the applicability of this model, particularly its potential adaptation for teaching Arabic literature within the KBD curriculum. To gather data, the study employed interviews with five Arabic language teachers from three public universities. The findings suggest that the proposed model is appropriate and can be effectively adapted for teaching Arabic literature in the KBD curriculum. This study recommends the adoption of this model as a reference for teaching the subjects of Adab and Nusus to non-native students.
[AR] Al-Isnad wa Ma'ani al-Tarkib fi ba'd Qasa'id Isa Alabi Abubakar: Dirasah Uslubiyyah Nahwiyyah
This study examines predication and syntactic structures in selected poems of 'Isa Alabi Abu Bakar from a grammatical and stylistic perspective. The research problem lies in the scarcity of studies that have addressed the poet’s style from a precise grammatical angle, particularly about the relationship between the predicate and the subject, and the role of syntactic structures in highlighting stylistic and artistic meanings. The study aims to reveal the differences between the normative rules established in grammatical works and the meanings revealed by poetic context. It adopts the descriptive-analytical method, combined with linguistic statistics, to trace patterns of predication in the selected texts. The research concludes that predication constitutes the fundamental basis for constructing the poetic style of 'Isa Alabi Abu Bakar, where grammatical meanings interact with the rhetorical and artistic dimensions of the text.
[AR] Zahirah al-Tanas fi Riwayah "Hadrah al-Muhtaram" li Najib Mahfuz: Aliyah al-Tafsil ba'd al-Ijmal Namuzajan
Intertextuality refers to the relationship between texts, highlighting the influence of underlying or absent texts within the current one, which interact with and impact its meaning on both syntactic and semantic levels. Additionally, it encompasses the interplay between different parts of the same text, where each segment interacts with and informs the others. Among the various mechanisms within this concept, "Detail after Summarization" (al-taf??l ba?da al-ijm?l) plays a significant role in enhancing textual coherence and structure. Despite growing interest in intertextuality within literary studies, specific intertextual mechanisms in non-Western literature remain under-examined. This study addresses this gap through a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the mechanism of "Detail after Summarization" in Naguib Mahfouz's novel Respected Sir (?a?rah al-Mu?taram). This methodology enables a detailed examination of how the mechanism contributes to the novel's cohesion and narrative structure. The findings reveal that this technique enriches textual cohesion by transforming abstract summaries into detailed elaborations, enhancing readers' comprehension of the text. This study underscores the significance of intertextual mechanisms in literary analysis and advocates for further research on their role across diverse literary traditions and cultural contexts.