Overview of Gram-negative anaerobic pathogens associated with periodontal disease: A review

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a polymicrobial disease which initiation is by the presence and propagation of bacterial infections in dental biofilm. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were reported as the most prevalent oral bacteria associated with periodontitis. The periodontopathogens may destruct the periodontal tissue of the host directly or indirectly via inflammatory reaction. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tanerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Campylobacter rectus are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which are highly associated with periodontitis. This group of pathogens plays a vital role in the onset and subsequent development of periodontal disease. This review article highlights the general overview of Gram-negative anaerobic pathogens associated with periodontitis.

Keywords: Gram-negative, anaerobic pathogens, periodontal disease, periodontitis