The Impact of Fluorosis in Neurological Disorders: A Mini-Review

Abstract

The purpose of the present review is to update and conclude available evidence of risk of fluorosis associated with neurological disorders. Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots. Alzheimer disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy, Autism, and memory and learning deficits are considered as neurological disorders. Globally 47.5 million people are affected by dementia and 7.7 million new cases are found every year. Alzheimer's disease is the main reason for developing dementias in 60–70% of cases.    Fluorosis is a metabolic bone disease which is produced due to prolonged exposure to excessive amounts of fluoride through various sources. Extreme fluoride exposure may possibly consequence to central nervous system dysfunction. Chronic fluorosis might play a role in Alzheimer’s disease, as it is common among people living in endemic fluorosis regions. High levels of fluoride exposure may have the risk of impaired intelligence in children. Excessive ingestion of fluoride leads to calcification of ligaments and tendons causes compression on nerve structures and produces myelopathy and radiculopathy. Fluoride can cross the blood-brain barrier especially at the time of pregnancy period leading to develop neural deterioration of offspring which promotes learning and memory impairments. The present review attempts to elucidate the possible relationship between fluorosis and neurological disorders.