INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND TRUST AS MEDIATORS ON THE INTENTION TO TRAVEL AMONG THE YOUNG GENERATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2025.8.1.718Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the factors that influence social media usage and to analyse how trust functions as a mediator between social media usage and travel intentions among young people. In the current digital era, social media now has played a major role in shaping travel decisions, especially among young travelers. Using a systematic sampling approach, 400 questionnaires was distributed to young tourists, with 306 respondents (78%) completing and returning the questionnaires. The data was then examined through covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), which enabled the researchers to explore the relationships among the study's variables. The findings identified several key insights. First, the perceived ease of using social media had a significant impact on its adoption by young travelers. Social media usage also emerged as a strong predictor of travel intention. Most notably, the research highlighted that trust plays a critical mediating role between social media usage and travel intention. This indicates that while social media platforms impact the travel decisions of young tourists, their trust in the content and information shared on these platforms increases the likelihood of them making travel decisions based on that content. This research contributes to the current body of literature by emphasizing the importance of trust in the digital space, particularly in relation to social media and travel intentions. The insights gained from this research are valuable for tourism operators and service providers, offering guidance on how to tailor social media content and strategies to align with the preferences of young tourists. By understanding the role of trust in shaping travel intentions, tourism businesses can optimize their marketing efforts and engage more effectively with this key demographic.
Keywords: Factors Influence; Social Media Usage; Trust; Travel Intention; Young Generation
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Al-Busaidi, K., Olfman, L. (2014). Knowledge workers’ attitude toward inter-organizational knowledge sharing system in the education sector. UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2014., 1–18.
Alamri, M.M., Almaiah, M.A., Al-Rahmi, W.M. (2020). Social media applications affecting students’ academic performance: A model developed for sustainability in higher education. Sustainability, 12(16), 1–14.
Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
Baloglu, S. (2000). A path analytic model of visitation intention involving information sources, socio-psychological motivations, and destination image. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 8(3), 81–90.
Bentler, P.M., Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606.
Boukas, N., Sourouklis, C. (2015). Conceptualising youth tourism in Island destinations: The case of Ayia Napa and Protaras, Cyprus. The International Conference on Tourism, 65–74.
Brengman, M., Karimov, F.P. (2012). The effect of web communities on consumers’ initial trust in B2C ecommerce websites. Management Research Review, 35(9), 791–817.
Byrne, R.M.J., Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1989). Spatial reasoning. Journal of Memory and Language, 28(5), 564–575.
Caffaro, F., Cremasco, M. M., Roccato, M., Cavallo, E. (2020). Drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt technological innovations in Italy: The role of information sources, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Journal of Rural Studies, 76(2020), 264–271.
Casaló, L. V, Flavián, C., Guinalíu, M. (2011). Understanding the intention to follow the advice obtained in an online travel community. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 622–633.
Çavuş, A., Tuncel, V. (2024). The role of the use of social media in hotel preferences of tourists in Turkey: A case of winter tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, (2022), 1-27.
Chatterjee, S., Kumar Kar, A. (2020). Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact: Empirical insights from India. International Journal of Information Management, 53(2020), 1– 13.
Cheng, J.W., Mitomo, H. (2017). The underlying factors of the perceived usefulness of using smart wearable devices for disaster applications. Telematics and Informatics, 34(2), 528–539.
Cheng, Y., Wei, W., Zhang, L. (2020). Seeing destinations through vlogs: implications for leveraging customer engagement behavior to increase travel intention. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(10), 3227–3248.
Cheung, C.M.K., Lee, M.K.O., Rabjohn, N. (2008). The impact of electronic word‐of‐mouth: The adoption of online opinions in online customer communities. Internet Research, 18(3), 229–247.
Costello, A.M., Petacchi, R., Weber, J. (2012). The hidden consequences of balanced budget requirements. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Cox, C., Burgess, S., Sellitto, C., Buultjens, J. (2009). The role of user-generated content in tourists’ travel planning behavior. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 18(8), 743–764.
Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982–1003.
Digital Tourism Think Tank. (2013). The European NTO digital benchmark.
Du Cros, H., Jingya, L. (2013). Chinese youth tourists views on local culture. Tourism Planning and Development, 10(2), 187–204.
Dzandu, M.D., Boateng, H., Agyemang, F.G., Quansah, F. (2016). Social media adoption among university students: the role of gender, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. International Journal of Social Media and Interactive Learning Environments, 4(2), 124–136.
Eusébio, C., João Carneiro, M. (2015). How diverse is the youth tourism market? An activity-based segmentation study. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 63(3), 295–316.
Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
Fornell, C., Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., Rossides, N. (2012). Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2012 (pp. 13–24). Springer.
Green, T., Quigley, A. (2010). Perception of online social networks. In Mining and Analyzing Social Networks (pp. 91–106). Springer.
Hair, J.F.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice-Hall.
Hasan, M. K., Ray, R., Neela, N.M. (2023). Tourists’ behavioural intention in coastal tourism settings: Examining the mediating role of attitude to behaviour. Tourism Planning and Development, 20(6), 955-972.
Henderson, R., Divett, M. J. (2003). Perceived usefulness, ease of use and electronic supermarket use. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 59(3), 383–395.
Horak, S., Weber, S. (2000). Youth tourism in Europe: Problems and prospects. Tourism Recreation Research, 25(3), 37–44.
Hsieh, J.-K., Li, Y.-J. (2020). Will you ever trust the review website again? The importance of source credibility. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 24(2), 255–275.
Hsu, C.L., Lin, J.C.C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information and Management, 45(1), 65–74.
Hu, A., Li, H., Pang, J., Zhang, H. (2023). A study on the intention of Shanghai residents to travel abroad in the post-pandemic era based on the theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 15(15), 12050.
Ibrahim, B., Aljarah, A., Sawaftah, D. (2021). Linking social media marketing activities to revisit intention through brand trust and brand loyalty on the coffee shop facebook pages: Exploring sequential mediation mechanism. Sustainability, 13(4), 1–15.
Izuagbe, R., Ifijeh, G., Izuagbe-Roland, E.I., Olawoyin, O.R., Ogiamien, L.O. (2019). Determinants of perceived usefulness of social media in university libraries: Subjective norm, image and voluntariness as indicators. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 45(4), 394–405.
Kamtarin, M. (2012). The effect of electronic word of mouth, trust and perceived value on behavioral intention from the perspective of consumers. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 1(4), 56–66.
Kaplan, A.M., Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.
Lam, T., Hsu, C. H. C. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4), 589–599.
Leask, A., Fyall, A., & Barron, P. (2014). Generation Y: An agenda for future visitor attraction research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(5), 462–471.
Martin, D., Woodside, A.G., Dehuang, N. (2007). Etic interpreting of naïve subjective personal introspections of tourism behavior: Analyzing visitors’ stories about experiencing Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, and Tokyo. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(1), 14–44.
McDonald, R.P., Marsh, H.W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 247–255.
McKnight, D.H., Choudhury, V., Kacmar, C. (2002). Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: An integrative typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 334–359.
MCMC. (2019). Internet users survey 2018.
Mishra, D., Akman, I., Mishra, A. (2014). Theory of reasoned action application for green information technology acceptance. Computers in Human Behavior, 36(2014), 29–40.
Pan, L.-Y., Chiou, J.-S. (2011). How much can you trust online information? Cues for perceived trustworthiness of consumer-generated online information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25(2), 67–74.
Parra-López, E., Bulchand-Gidumal, J., Gutiérrez-Taño, D., & Díaz-Armas, R. (2011). Intentions to use social media in organizing and taking vacation trips. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 640–654.
Prendergast, G., Ko, D., Yuen, S. Y. V. (2010). Online word of mouth and consumer purchase intentions. International Journal of Advertising, 29(5), 687–708.
Rafiq, K., Lakho, M.K., Jaffiry, K.A. (2022). Social media as a catalyst for the development of tourism business: A study of tourism industry of Pakistan. Journal of Business & Tourism, 8(02), 53-70.
Ravichandran, S., Osakwe, C.N., Elgammal, I.M.Y., Abbasi, G.A., Cheah, J.H. (2024). Feeding trust: exploring key drivers, moderators and consequences related to food app usage. Journal of Services Marketing, 38(7), 872-891.
Richards, G., Wilson, J. (2004). Widening perspectives in backpacker research. In The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (pp. 253–279). Channel View Publications Clevedon.
Rol, S., Sert, A. N. (2023). The role of official websites in destination branding: A systematic literature review. Journal of Management and Economic Studies, 5(2), 113-135.
Rosen, L.D., Whaling, K., Rab, S., Carrier, L.M., Cheever, N.A. (2013). Is Facebook creating “iDisorders”? The link between clinical symptoms of psychiatric disorders and technology use, attitudes and anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1243–1254.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., Henseler, J., Hair, J.F. (2014). On the emancipation of PLS-SEM: A commentary on Rigdon (2012). Long Range Planning, 47(3), 154–160.
Sekaran, U. (2000). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Statista Research Department (2020), The Distribution Data of the Age Group Distribution of the Internet Users in Malaysia in 2020.
Su, L., Yang, Q., Swanson, S.R., Chen, N.C. (2022). The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), 406– 423.
Sukendro, S., Habibi, A., Khaeruddin, K., Indrayana, B., Syahruddin, S., Makadada, F.A., Hakim, H. (2020). Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model to understand students’ use of e-learning during Covid-19: Indonesian sport science education context. Heliyon, 6(11), 1–9.
Tang, W., Tosun, C., Mohamed, A.E., Uslu, S. (2024). The influence of social media usage and perceived government market orientation on travel intention to an internet celebrity city: Exploring the mediating effects of place attachment and perceived value. Behavioral Sciences, 14(8), 694.
Van Zoonen, K., Buntrock, C., Ebert, D.D., Smit, F., Reynolds, C.F., Beekman, A.T.F., Cuijpers, P. (2014). Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: A meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 318–329.
Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information Systems Research, 11(4), 342–365.
World Tourism Organization. (2008). Youth travel matters: understanding the global phenomenon of youth travel. World Tourism Organization.
Wu, J.-J., Tsang, A. S. L. (2008). Factors affecting members’ trust belief and behaviour intention in virtual communities. Behaviour and Information Technology, 27(2), 115–125.
Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188.
Yoo, K.-H. in T.C.G.M., Lee, Y., Gretzel, U., Fesenmaier, D.R. (2009). Trust in travel-related consumer generated media. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2009 (pp. 49–59). Springer.
Zhou, T. (2011). Understanding online community user participation: a social influence perspective. Internet Research, 21(1), 67–81.
Zhuang, X., Hou, X., Feng, Z., Lin, Z., Li, J. (2021). Subjective norms, attitudes, and intentions of AR technology use in tourism experience: The moderating effect of millennials. Leisure Studies, 40(3), 392–406.
Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business research methods (7th ed.). Thomson/South-Western.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.