Asian People Journal is an academic, interdisciplinary, and refereed journal published biannually by Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. The aim of the journal is to provide a venue for researchers and practitioners to share theories, views, and research results related to learning and social interaction, which includes, but not limited to continent of Asian territories e.g. Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Western New Guinea. Even though we encourage submissions with the focus on Asian people, we also accept papers located in the broader context of Asia extricably linked with issues from the other parts of Asia. Articles are published in English and Malay. It is currently published 2 times a year, in April and October.
Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. (Download Copyright Transfer Form)
HUBUNGAN AMALAN PENGURUSAN ORGANISASI SUKARELAWAN TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN DALAM KESUKARELAWANAN: KAJIAN KES DI PANTAI TIMUR
Abstract: Volunteer organization management practices are among the key elements in the voluntary sector. Fundamentally, volunteer participation is closely associated with the management practices of an organization. Effective organizational practices can influence and retain volunteers over a longer period. However, the current inactivity among volunteers may be linked to various barriers, including inefficient organizational management. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the relationship between volunteer activeness and volunteer organization management practices such as volunteer selection practices, training and basic exposure to volunteerism, and leadership effectiveness. This study employs a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 300 volunteers were selected as respondents using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis through SPSS software. The study was conducted across three East Coast states, namely Pahang, Terengganu, and Kelantan. The findings of the study indicate that there is a weak and non-significant relationship between volunteer activeness and organizational management practices, namely volunteer selection practices (r = 0.049, p > 0.05), training and basic exposure (r = 0.041, p > 0.05), and leadership effectiveness (r = 0.067, p > 0.05).This suggests that volunteer activeness is not associated with gender, organizational management practices, or barriers in volunteerism. The findings further imply that other factors such as time constraints, personal commitments, and individual motivation may play a more significant role in influencing volunteer activeness compared to management practices alone. The implications of this study highlight the need for organizations to adopt a more holistic approach in enhancing volunteer engagement by considering both internal and external factors that influence volunteers. Keywords:Volunteering; Volunteer; Volunteer Management Practice; Volunteer Participation; Activeness Abstrak: Amalan pengurusan organisasi sukarelawan merupakan antara elemen penting dalam sektor sukarela. Penglibatan sukarelawan dalam kesukarelawanan secara asasnya berkait dengan amalan pengurusan sesebuah organisasi. Amalan organisasi yang baik mampu mempengaruhi dan mengekalkan sukarelawan bagi jangka masa yang lama. Walau bagaimanapun, ketidakaktifan sukarelawan pada masa kini dapat dikaitkan dengan kewujudan pelbagai halangan seperti pengurusan organisasi yang tidak efisien. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara keaktifan sukarelawan dengan amalan pengurusan organisasi sukarela seperti amalan pemilihan sukarelawan, latihan dan pendedahan asas kesukarelawanan dan keberkesanan kepimpinan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas. Seramai 300 orang sukarelawan telah dipilih sebagai responden melalui teknik pensampelan rawak mudah. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan satu set soal selidik berstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif serta analisis korelasi Pearson melalui perisian SPSS. Lokasi kajian ini melibatkan tiga buah negeri di Negeri Pantai Timur iaitu Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara keaktifan sukarelawan dengan amalan pengurusan organisasi iaitu amalan pemilihan sukarelawan (r = 0.049, p > 0.05), latihan dan pendedahan asas (r = 0.041, p > 0.05) dan keberkesanan kepimpinan (r = 0.067, p > 0.05). Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa faktor halangan lain seperti kekangan masa, komitmen peribadi dan motivasi individu mungkin lebih mempengaruhi keaktifan sukarelawan berbanding amalan pengurusan semata-mata. Implikasi kajian ini menekankan keperluan kepada organisasi untuk mengadaptasi pendekatan yang lebih holistik dalam meningkatkan penglibatan sukarelawan dengan mengambil kira faktor dalaman dan luaran yang mempengaruhi sukarelawan. Kata kunci: Kesukarelawanan; Sukarelawan; Amalan Organisasi Pengurusan; Penglibatan Sukarelawan, Keaktifan
EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES THROUGH KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER: SULAM PROGRAM ENGAGES STUDENTS IN SDG-FOCUSED PROJECTS
Abstract: This study examines the impact of the Service-Learning Malaysia University for Society (SULAM) initiative, a strategic pedagogical intervention that bridges academic learning and real-world community development, particularly in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Implemented by Universiti Malaysia Sabah, the study engaged 82 undergraduate students across 7 multidisciplinary projects targeting diverse community needs in Malaysia, particularly in Wilayah Labuan. Using a case study approach, the research evaluates the effectiveness of knowledge transfer across seven core dimensions: knowledge acquisition, skill development, behavioral change, community empowerment, economic uplift, knowledge sustainability, and participatory engagement. Findings from pre- and post-program evaluations indicate substantial improvements in participants’ knowledge (80%) and engagement (58.6%), affirming the model’s capacity to foster inclusive, community-based development through education. The program also enhanced student competencies in communication, ethical leadership, and civic responsibility skills crucial to national human capital agendas. Results underscore SULAM’s role in positioning higher education institutions as enablers of grassroots transformation and development equity. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating education for sustainable development into national curricula, offering evidence-based insights into how service learning can strengthen university-community linkages, promote inclusive development, and enhance the relevance of tertiary education in emerging economies. Keywords: Service Learning; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Higher Education; Knowledge Transfer; Community Engagement.
FROM CLASSROOM TO COMMUNITY: EMPOWERING STUDENTS THROUGH PATRIOTIC TV PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN A SERVICE-LEARNING FRAMEWORK
Abstract: This paper reflects on the teaching and learning experience of delivering the TV Studies subject to undergraduate Mass Communication students, with a focus on integrating MADANI values through experiential and Service-Learning pedagogy. As part of the assessment, 20 students were divided into six groups, each tasked with creating a virtual media production agency and developing a patriotic-themed television program for the Merdeka Day celebration in August 2025. This project-based learning approach, guided by Experiential Learning Theory and Transformative Learning Theory enabled students to practice teamwork, concept development, and professional presentation skills while internalizing MADANI values such as respect, empathy, responsibility, and collaboration. External evaluation was incorporated, with industry practitioners invited to assess the projects and provide feedback aligned with professional standards. This exposure not only enhanced students’ understanding of media ethics and civic responsibility but also strengthened their confidence in applying theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts. Beyond the classroom, students’ projects were submitted to the 8th Nusantara Cultural Film Festival, offering international visibility while promoting Malaysian identity and cultural pride. Although the teaching process presented challenges in terms of coordination and evaluation, the outcomes were significant. The case study demonstrates that embedding MADANI values within Service-Learning pedagogy cultivates cultural awareness, ethical reasoning, and social responsibility, thereby bridging the gap between academic learning and professional practice. Keywords: MADANI Values; Service-Learning (SULAM); Experiential Learning; Media Education; Mass Communication
SULAM BUDAYA: EMPOWERING FUTURE MUSIC LEADERS THROUGH SERVICE-LEARNING FOR CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN COMMUNITY-BASED MUSIC EDUCATION
Abstract: The SULAM programme, Silang Budaya: Threads of Unity Colours of Malaysia, is a community engagement initiative that promotes experiential learning through music education. Implemented in Pasir Mas and Bachok, Kelantan, the programme involved university music education students in designing and conducting music workshops for community members of various age groups. Conducted in collaboration with the Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negeri Kelantan and Geng Wak Long, a well-known traditional music group, the programme benefited from authentic cultural input and local expertise. Participants were introduced to Kelantanese traditional instruments as well as musical traditions from other parts of Malaysia, including the caklempong from Negeri Sembilan, gambus from Johor, sape from Sarawak, and traditional instruments from Sabah. This exposure highlighted the richness and diversity of Malaysia’s multicultural musical heritage. The study examined student reflections, community feedback, and documented observations to evaluate the programme’s impact on cultural learning and understanding. The findings show that service-learning through music education enhances cultural pride, intercultural respect, and collaboration across age groups. Student participants also developed leadership, communication, and event management skills, while the community gained greater appreciation of Malaysia’s diverse musical traditions. Overall, the study demonstrates the value of community-based music education and supports the integration of culturally grounded, hands-on teaching approaches in preparing socially responsible and culturally aware future music educators. Keywords: Music Education; Community-Based Music Education; Cultural Sustainability; Service Learning; Intercultural Learning
MODELLING VOLUNTEER COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PARTICIPATION WILLINGNESS IN SEA TURTLE CONSERVATION
Abstract: This study examines the influence of volunteer community perceptions on willingness to participate in sea turtle conservation in Malaysia. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from volunteers involved in conservation programmes in Terengganu and Sabah using a structured questionnaire. A total of 373 valid responses were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships between six key dimensions: awareness and education, government and regulation, community empowerment, ecotourism impact, sustainable practices, and challenges and solutions. The findings reveal that ecotourism impact and challenges and solutions are the strongest predictors of volunteer willingness, followed by government regulation, community empowerment, and awareness and education. In contrast, sustainable practices were not found to significantly influence willingness to participate. These results indicate that volunteers are more strongly motivated by tangible benefits, practical solutions, and institutional support rather than abstract sustainability considerations. This study contributes to the conservation and tourism literature by providing a multidimensional understanding of volunteer community perceptions in shaping conservation participation. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and conservation organisations to design more effective engagement strategies. Emphasising experiential value, clear governance, and actionable conservation initiatives is essential to enhance volunteer participation and support the long-term sustainability of sea turtle conservation programmes. Keywords: Conservation Marketing; Ecotourism; Sea Turtle Conservation; Volunteer Community Perception; Malaysia
COMMUNITY MORALITY AND SPATIAL PRACTICE OF MELAYU MELAKA SOCIAL VALUES IN MALACCA TRADITIONAL HOUSE
Abstract: This paper examines how the deep-seated moralistic values of the Melayu Melaka community dynamically shape, regulate, and sustain the spatial, material, and symbolic dimensions of residential architecture in Malacca. Rooted in centuries of historical layering characterized by profound Islamization, mercantile cosmopolitanism, and local adat (customary laws), this community expresses its value system through the meticulous organization of domestic space, rituals of dwelling, material culture, and architectural ornamentation. The synthesis of regional influences cultivates a unique architectural identity that manifests the community's ethical worldview. Employing a qualitative, interpretive methodology grounded in architectural anthropology, vernacular studies, and cultural history, this study integrates spatial analysis with socio-cultural observation. The paper argues that core Melayu Melaka moralistic values specifically adab, profound religiosity, communal cooperation, and social harmony are materially encoded within traditional house typologies. This encoding is prominently evident in hierarchical spatial sequencing: from the public serambi used for hosting guests, to the highly private rumah ibu reserved for family intimacy, ensuring that modesty and religious protocols are seamlessly maintained. By analyzing classical kampung houses, the research reveals how these moral frameworks inform physical forms, construction methods, threshold rituals, and domestic aesthetics while functioning as active cultural drivers. They continuously mediate social relations, reinforce collective identity, and regulate the rhythms of everyday life. Ultimately, the research concludes that the traditional Melayu Melaka house operates as a living moral architecture, a spatial text continually negotiated across generations. As rapid urbanization and global tourism threaten to commodify or erase these vernacular landscapes, safeguarding this integrated moral-architectural heritage is crucial. It is vital not only for historical preservation but for sustaining local cultural resilience amidst contemporary modernization. Keywords: Melayu Melaka; Vernacular Architecture; Spatial Practice; Moral Values; Malay Traditional House; Architectural Anthropology; Cultural Heritage.
INTEGRATING SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY INTO ESL WRITING PEDAGOGY: A STUDY OF LEARNERS’ STRATEGIES AND PERCEPTIONS
Abstract: Writing skill, a vital aspect of literacy, often pose challenges for ESL students. The complexity of the structure of an essay, as well as ESL students’ level of proficiency, are some of the problems faced by these learners which can hinder their writing performance. As such, this study investigates ESL students’ perceptions on the writing strategies used when writing academic essays, with a focus on how cognitive, behavioural, and environmental factors interact to shape writing performance. Drawing on Bandura’s triadic reciprocal determinism, this quantitative study aims to explore the relationship between the personal, behaviour and environment components. To gain a better understanding of their perceptions, a survey was conducted to 142 students in a local higher learning institution in Malaysia. The survey used a 5 likert-scale survey and analysis was conducted using SPSS. Findings showed that these students employed all five (5) writing strategies, i.e., metacognitive, effort regulation, cognitive, social, and affective strategies. Findings of this study also suggested that by integrating SCT principles into writing pedagogy not only enhances strategy awareness but also promotes learner autonomy and resilience. Correlation analysis further revealed a highly significant association between personal components and behaviour (r = .718**, p = .000), indicating a strong positive relationship between these variables. It was also found that there are significant correlations among the three constructs personal, behaviour and environment) discussed. This suggested that educators should consider the three constructs in assisting students to write better. The study concludes with pedagogical recommendations and directions for future research into SCT-informed writing interventions. Keywords: Affective Strategies; Cognitive Strategies; Effort Regulation Strategies; Metacognitive Strategies; Social Cognitive Theory; Social Strategies
INVESTIGATING PERCEPTION ON GRIT, MOTIVATION,AND SELF- REGULATED LEARNING AMONG MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES
Abstract: Academic success depends on more than just a learner’s cognitive ability. Grit, meaning a consistency of interest and perseverance, motivational beliefs, which can be affected by self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and test anxiety, and self-regulated learning strategies can interact and influence the learning process. This study investigates Malaysian university students’ perception of grit, motivational beliefs, and self-regulated learning strategies using a quantitative survey. 146 randomly selected participants from four Malaysian public universities responded to the 5-point Likert scale questionnaire containing four parts with 56 questions in total. The findings suggest that the respondents display moderate consistency of interest and persistence in their endeavours; respondents occasionally believe in their self-efficacy and own a sense of purpose about their learning, but may suffer from test anxiety; and respondents’ confidence level in applying different learning strategies vary. Ultimately, the study finds positive correlation between grit, motivation, and self-regulation, although they influence each other to varying degrees. Thus, educators must find a way to promote learner’s grit, maintain their motivation, and encourage independent learning. Keywords: Grit; Learning Strategies; Motivation; Self-Regulation
INTEGRATING MALAYSIAN TEXTILES TO EVOKE EMOTION IN THE DESIGN OF AN INTERACTIVE CULTURAL HUB
Abstract: This study investigates the architectural and cultural potential of building a dynamic textile cultural hub. It highlights Malaysia's rich textile traditions, including batik, songket, and ikat, and emphasizes the need to evolve from a purely commercial focus to one that promotes heritage preservation, education, and the growth of the creative economy. This research integrates literature review and stakeholder engagement to identify both spatial and social gaps. Findings reveal deficiencies in current textile promotion and underscore the demand for interactive, multisensory environments. The study proposes a framework where architecture becomes a medium for cultural storytelling, bridging generations and revitalizing urban cultural identity. The cultural heritage of Malaysia is a tapestry woven with rich traditions, diverse ethnicities, and intricate crafts, among which traditional textiles hold a prominent place. These textiles, ranging from all states in Malaysia, hold prominent histories of their own. There are stories told through threads, motifs, and techniques passed down through generations. Each piece of textile encapsulates the history, beliefs, and artistry of the communities that create them, making them an integral part of Malaysia's cultural identity. Research indicates that current cultural spaces frequently lack engagement and emotional impact, which reduces their capacity to engage a variety of audiences especially younger generations. An increasing concern for the preservation of textile legacy is expressed by stakeholders, particularly cultural practitioners and craftspeople, who also emphasize the value of experience-based, participatory programming. The research highlights the significance of multisensory architecture, which integrates visual, tactile, and aural sensations, in augmenting emotional engagement with cultural content. Keywords: Cultural; Emotion; Interactive; Textile; Senses
YOUTH DROP OUT IN EDUCATION: ISSUES AND FACTORS OF YOUTH DROP OUT IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Abstract: Youth dropout from formal education is a persistent socio-economic challenge in Malaysia, particularly in Kuala Terengganu. This study examines the issues and factors leading to youth disengagement from schooling, covering both voluntary and forced dropouts. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, the research targeted NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) youth aged 15–29 through purposive sampling. Data were collected via interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, and were thematically analysed using NVivo 12 software. Findings indicate that financial hardship, family responsibilities, poor academic performance, and lack of transportation are major drivers of dropout, while a lack of interest in schooling remains a dominant underlying factor. Rural youth are disproportionately affected due to limited access to quality education, vocational training, and sustainable employment pathways. The study highlights the importance of expanding Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programmes, integrating Open Educational Resources (OER), and strengthening early intervention systems. A holistic, multi-stakeholder approach involving government, educational institutions, and community actors is essential to reduce dropout rates and enhance youth employability. Keywords: Youth dropout; NEET; Kuala Terengganu; TVET; Socio-economic
PENGLIBATAN BELIA DALAM PILIHANRAYA UMUM KE-15 DI MALAYSIA: BENTUK DAN INSENTIF
Abstract: In the lead-up to the 15th general election, political observers predicted low electoral turnouts among youth, particularly within the 18-24 age cohort, attributed to a pervasive sense of political fatigue borne from unrestrained political and economic developments between 2018 and 2022. The perception of politics as corrupted and politicians as insincere had ostensibly alienated young voters. Contravening these expectations, not only did young voters exhibit high turnout rates in the 15th general election, but they also actively participated in vote canvassing, challenging the narrative of youth disengagement. This study, anchored in the General Incentives Model (GIM), draws on in-depth interviews with 16 youth party activists to explore the motives behind their distinct engagement and the incentives they received when participating in politics. It uncovers that young activists leveraged TikTok to create impactful campaign content that not only addressed criticisms of their parties but also cast a spotlight on the failings of their adversaries, reaching a broad audience without the expectation of material compensation. Their involvement was driven by a blend of collective and expressive incentives, marking a difference in both form and motivation from older activists. This investigation into the resurgence of youth participation offers critical insights into the changing landscape of political engagement, underscoring the strategies and motivations propelling young voters to the forefront of electoral politics. Keywords: Party Activists, Youth, PAS, UMNO, Political Participation, Tik Tok, 15th General Election Abstrak: Menjelang Pilihan Raya Umum ke-15 (PRU15), pemerhati politik meramalkan kadar keluar mengundi yang rendah dalam kalangan belia, khususnya bagi kumpulan pengundi berusia 18 hingga 24 tahun. Jangkaan ini berpunca daripada keletihan politik akibat ketidakstabilan politik dan ekonomi yang berlarutan tanpa kawalan dalam tempoh 2018 hingga 2022. Persepsi bahawa politik itu korup dan ahli politik bersifat gila kuasa telah menjauhkan golongan muda daripada politik. Namun, bertentangan dengan ramalan tersebut, belia bukan sahaja mencatatkan kadar keluar mengundi yang tinggi dalam PRU15, mereka turut terlibat aktif dalam kempen pilihanraya, sekali gus mencabar naratif bahawa golongan muda bersikap apati terhadap politik. Berteraskan Model Insentif Umum, kajian ini menemubual 16 aktivis muda parti politik bagi meneroka bentuk-bentuk penglibatan serta insentif yang diterima daripada penyertaan mereka dalam proses politik dan demokrasi. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa aktivis muda yang didorong oleh faktor keluarga telah memanfaatkan TikTok sebagai platfom utama untuk menghasilkan kandungan kempen yang berimpak tinggi. Mereka bukan sahaja menggunakan media ini untuk menjawab kritikan terhadap parti yang disokong, malah turut mendedahkan sisi buruk lawan politik mereka, sekali gus menyebarkan mesej kepada khalayak dengan penuh kreativiti. Apa yang lebih signifikan, keterlibatan mereka tidak didorong oleh ganjaran material, tetapi berpaksikan insentif kolektif dan ekspresif. Penemuan ini menunjukkan perbezaan ketara dari segi motivasi penglibatan politik belia berbanding aktivis parti yang lebih berusia. Kata kunci: Aktivis Parti; Belia; PAS; UMNO; Partisipasi Politik; Tik Tok; Pilihan Raya Umum ke-15
FUSION OR FRICTION: CHINESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES IN CULTURALLY DIVERSE CLASSROOMS AND INCLUSIVE PEDAGOGY
Abstract: Malaysia has emerged as a regional hub for international education, with Mainland Chinese students forming the largest group of international students in the country. While existing research often highlights the challenges they face, less attention has been given to how these students actively navigate learning in culturally diverse classroom contexts, particularly in Malaysia. This study addresses this gap by examining what learning looks and feels like for Chinese international students and how they make sense of their experiences in such environments. This qualitative case study, grounded in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, explored how twelve first-year Chinese international undergraduates navigated learning in culturally diverse classrooms at an international branch campus in Malaysia. Data from semi-structured interviews and participant observations, analysed thematically, revealed both enabling and challenging dimensions of their experiences. On the one hand, interactive classroom environments, exposure to diverse perspectives, and supportive teaching practices brought about intercultural engagement, increased academic confidence, and contributed to a sense of belonging. However, participants continued to face persistent challenges related to language barriers, cultural distance, and discomfort in unfamiliar forms of classroom participation. Overall, the study shows that culturally diverse classrooms offer both opportunities and tensions, and that diversity alone does not guarantee meaningful inclusion. By highlighting how participants interpret and respond to these experiences, the study highlights the need for more intentional and culturally responsive pedagogical practices to better support inclusion in global higher education. The findings offer insights into how culturally diverse classrooms shape international student experiences and provide practical recommendations for creating more inclusive, responsive learning environments in global higher education. Keywords: Chinese International Students; Culturally Diverse Classrooms; Diverse Perspectives; Intercultural Encounters; Sociocultural Theory.
CABARAN TADBIR URUS, SOSIO-EKONOMI, DAN PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI DALAM PELAKSANAAN MATLAMAT PEMBANGUNAN MAMPAN (SDG) DI MALAYSIA: ULASAN NARATIF
Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an important global agenda introduced as nations strive to achieve developed status in the future. This study aims to explore challenges of SDG implementation in Malaysia with an emphasis on governance, infrastructure and fiscal capital, cooperation, and people involvement, particularly at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study employs a narrative review approach based on analysis of various literature sources including journal articles, government reports, university reports, and international publications relating to the SDGs. The main findings indicate that the implementation of SDGs in Malaysia is less effective since it remains broad and microscopic in nature, thus the full comprehension among the public becomes less important. In addition, weaknesses in monitoring and reporting frameworks, financial constraints in governance, limited cross-sectoral collaboration, and low levels of community awareness were identified as the main challenges. Therefore, micro-level SDG implementation has to be complemented with more strategic thinking around sustainability planning and the availability of strong leadership capable of making the SDG agenda transparent, empowered, progressively achieved, and institutionalized into university development practice. Keywords: Governance; Higher Education Institutions Initiatives; Implementation Challenges; Malaysia; Sustainable Development Goals Abstrak: Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) merupakan agenda penting yang diperkenalkan tatkala setiap negara berlumba-lumba ke arah mencapai status negara maju pada masa hadapan. Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk meneliti cabaran pelaksanaan SDG di Malaysia dengan memberi fokus kepada aspek tadbir urus, sumber kewangan dan infrastruktur, kolaborasi serta penglibatan komuniti khususnya di Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan ulasan naratif berdasarkan analisis pelbagai sumber literatur seperti artikel jurnal, laporan rasmi kerajaan, laporan rasmi universiti dan dokumen antarabangsa berkaitan SDG sebagai metodologi dalam kajian ini. Dapatan utama menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan SDG di Malaysia masih kurang berkesan kerana bersifat mikro dan umum sekali gus menyukarkan pemahaman yang signifikan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Selain itu, kelemahan kerangka pemantauan dan pelaporan, kekangan sumber kewangan dalam tadbir urus, keterbatasan kerjasama rentas sektor serta tahap kesedaran komuniti yang rendah merupakan cabaran utama yang dikenal pasti. Justeru itu, pelaksanaan SDG yang bersifat mikro perlu diperkasakan melalui perancangan pelan strategik kelestarian yang lebih menyeluruh, di samping sokongan kepimpinan tertinggi bagi memastikan agenda SDG dapat difahami, diperkasa, dan direalisasikan secara berterusan serta menjadi amalan dalam pembangunan universiti. Kata kunci: Cabaran Pelaksanaan; Inisiatif Institut Pengajian Tinggi; Malaysia; Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan; Tadbir Urus
INTEGRATING VISUALS AND ACOUSTICS: THE NARRATIVE AND EMOTIONAL INFLUENCE OF HUJAN KERONCHONG IN MUKHSIN
Abstract: This study explores the role of soundtracks in film, focusing on their ability to shape perception and interpretation through the relationship between visuals and music. Specifically, it examines Hujan Keronchong, the original soundtrack of Yasmin Ahmad’s Mukhsin (2006), to analyse how its placement within the film functions as a narrative indicator. Through a close analysis of the cohesion between the soundtrack and mise-en-scène, the study highlights how this relationship evokes emotional responses, leading to an interpretative process that uncovers figurative meaning in film. By investigating the scene where Hujan Keronchong appears, along with the lyrical significance of the soundtrack, this research aims to demonstrate the crucial role of film music in storytelling. Soundtracks not only enhance narrative coherence but also contribute to meaning-making and emotional engagement. Despite their significance, film music is often overlooked in cinematic analysis. This study argues that soundtracks hold intrinsic value in conveying emotions and deepening audience interpretation. Through an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates film studies and Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic theory, specifically the triadic model of representamen, object, and interpretant, the research examines how the visual and auditory elements of Mukhsin (2006) interact to create a nuanced storytelling experience. The application of Peircean semiotics provides the analytical framework for interpreting how the soundtrack Hujan Keronchong functions as a sign system within the film narrative. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how soundtracks function beyond mere accompaniment, positioning music as an essential cinematic component that shapes perception, emotion, and narrative interpretation. Keywords: Film Music; Soundtrack; Film Narrative; Emotional Interpretation; Mise-En-Scène; Semiotic Theory.
CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT VIDEO MARKETING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TIKTOK AND DOUYIN
Abstract: This paper explores the differences in the short video consumption across platforms by comparing TikTok and Douyin in a case study of Chinese restaurant brand Haidilao. Although the two are under the same parent company, they are culturally different settings that influence content strategies and reactions by the audience. The research, conducted through a mixed-methods approach, incorporated descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman rank-order correlations, and cross-tabulations to determine Fisher's exact tests. The results show that Douyin demonstrates higher performance than TikTok in core engagement metrics, including views, likes, comments, and shares. The greater engagement on Douyin is significantly linked to culturally ingrained content, emotional sentiment and professionalism of production, which are characteristics of the high-context and collectivist communication in China. Conversely, TikTok interactions are more based on humorous content, popular melodies, and casual looks, which align with the interests of individualistic low-context cultures. These findings provide empirical support for Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and Hall's high-context versus low-context communication framework. The results also demonstrate the role of platform affordances in shaping content performance, suggesting that brands must develop culturally adaptive, platform-specific strategies to optimize audience engagement. Although limited by sample size and focused on a single brand, this study provides valuable insights into cross-cultural digital marketing. It lays the groundwork for future research on global content optimization. Keywords: Content strategy; Cross-cultural communication; Cultural adaptation; Digital engagement; Platform affordances
COMMUNICATING MUSEUM ARTIFACTS THROUGH AUGMENTED REALITY: A CASE STUDY OF UUM MANAGEMENT MUSEUM
This research investigates the use of augmented reality (AR) in enhancing artifact communication at the UUM Management Museum. The study aims to assess how AR can enrich interpretive narratives, offering visitors a more immersive and informative experience. By integrating AR into selected exhibits, the museum seeks to bridge the gap between static displays and dynamic storytelling, enabling visitors to engage with artifacts in new and meaningful ways. A qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach was employed. Visitor observations and in-depth interviews served as the primary sources of data, providing contextual and experiential insights into how visitors interacted with the AR-enhanced exhibits. Structured observations documented interaction time, engagement levels, and usability challenges. Interviews were conducted with seven voluntary participants and analyzed thematically. To support and validate the qualitative findings, structured feedback surveys were administered to 60 randomly selected visitors and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that AR not only captures attention but also deepens understanding, making the museum experience more interactive and educational. However, challenges such as technical complexities and varying levels of visitor technological proficiency were also identified. This study contributes to the growing discourse on digital innovation in museums and offers practical insights for cultural heritage institutions seeking to adopt AR for artifact communication.
THE IMPACT OF REMOTE LEARNING ON STUDENT’S MENTAL HEALTH AT INSTITUT KEMAHIRAN TINGGI PERDA
The abrupt transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted students' psychological well-being, particularly those at Institut Kemahiran Tinggi Perda. This study aimed to explore the relationship between online learning, fear, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among students Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through surveys distributed to a sample of 100 students. Out of the total, 80 students responded, yielding a response rate of 80%. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique, targeting students who had experienced remote learning to ensure relevance to the research objectives. The collected data were then analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to determine the significance of the identified relationships. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between online learning and psychological distress, exacerbated by a lack of social interaction and the abrupt shift to remote education. Additionally, fear, anxiety and depression were identified as key contributors to student’s psychological distress, with anxiety showing the strongest correlation. These results suggest that the mental health challenges faced by students during remote learning are multifaceted, involving both the direct effects of online learning and the broader emotional responses to the pandemic. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to recognize and address these psychological challenges. Future research should expand the population sample for a more representative analysis and incorporate qualitative methods to gain deeper insights into students' experiences. By understanding these dynamics, institutions can develop strategies to create a more supportive learning environment, mitigating the negative impacts of remote learning on student’s mental health. This research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers seeking to enhance the resilience and well-being of students in the face of ongoing educational disruptions.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPERCAYAAN DAN KEINGINAN MEMBELI DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR PENGAJIAN TINGGI TERHADAP APLIKASI SHOPEE
The lifestyle of today's society is filled with the existence of various internet technology applications that make every job easier. One of them is the online purchase application, it is a good thing because it saves a lot of time, energy and cost. Online shopping is a process where consumers buy goods or services directly from sellers over the Internet. Just sitting at home and using a computer or smartphone they can visit the web store and do their shopping comfortably. Among the advantages of online stores are available 24 hours a day, stores from various states or countries, various promotions offered, various categories of consumer products and much more. Online shopping differs from traditional shopping in that it is characterized by uncertainty and anonymity. Trust is a very important factor to start online shopping. This involves an exchange process where both personal and financial information of the buyer is handed over to an unknown merchant over the internet. This paper will discuss the findings of a study on the trust of higher education students towards the Shopee application. There are two specific objectives which are first; to identify the level of trust of higher education students towards the Shopee application and the second is to see the relationship between trust towards the Shopee application and the intention to buy on Shopee. This study uses quantitative methods. Questionnaires were distributed online to university students throughout Malaysia. A total of 152 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results of this study found that trust in Shopee has a relationship with the intention to buy at Shopee.
THE DIGITAL PERSONALITY: HOW PERSONALITY TRAITS SHAPE ONLINE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Abstract Social media is one of the most widely used social media platforms. It is known that social media has the potential to influence people's social interactions. However, the relationship between personality and social interaction has not been investigated. This study is aimed at investigating how personality characteristics affect social interaction. The study uses a survey methodology and a questionnaire split into two sections with distinct goals as a research tool. A total of 100 people participated as respondents for this investigation. The results of this study revealed that there is a relationship between social interaction and personality. Social interaction has a significant effect on personality. Also, the impact of social media can provide an atmosphere for a considerable amount of people to openly communicate with unknown individuals about many different kinds of topics, particularly current events occurring both domestically and internationally. The findings also revealed that social interaction may improve and ease social contact, adding a new dimension to the hypothesis.
SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER POWER IN CONTEMPORARY TAIWANESE CINEMA
Abstract: Entering the 2020s, in addition to facing the negative impacts of globalization and neoliberalism, an ongoing problem since the 21st century, we must face the severe test of the COVID-19 pandemic. The film industry has been greatly affected, with slowdowns in film production and postponements of film festivals becoming the norm. However, Taiwanese contemporary cinema has managed to progress steadily and maintain a positive, creative momentum despite the years of the epidemic’s spread. As an important research topic in the field of interdisciplinary studies, gender studies have been inextricably linked to film studies for many years. This paper focuses on the study of gender power in Taiwanese contemporary cinema. Through an extensive literature search, there is a virtual gap in research on gender power in Taiwanese contemporary cinema into the 2020s. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the gender power relations presented in Yen and Ai-Lee, a Taiwanese film focusing on domestic violence released in 2024, through the three aspects of family, workplace, and self-emotional expression portrayed in the film, centred on theories of social psychology, and with due consideration to the social and cultural context of Taiwan. Through qualitative research methods involving case study and textual analysis, film data are collected, collated, and analysed to reveal the recurring and complex portrayals of gender power within cinematic narratives. This endeavour aims to address gaps in Taiwanese contemporary cinema studies concerning gender power dynamics, while offering fresh perspectives and methodologies for interdisciplinary research spanning film studies and social psychology. Keywords: Gender Power; Ambivalent Sexism Theory; Taiwanese Contemporary Cinema; Social Psychology; East Asia Film Studies
SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL INTERACTION: ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP THROUGH THE LENS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION THEORY
Research related to the impacts of social media on everyday social interactions, which contributed to two factors. However, there are still extremely limited studies on environment, lifestyle, and social media usage that can contribute to the impact of social media on social interactions. The research objectives for this research are to identify the relationship between the impact of social media and social interaction. This study applied the Social Interactions theory as the main theory to further strengthen the relationship between each variable. Quantitative methods were applied in this study, and data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 202 respondents. This study’s theoretical foundation is based on the social interaction theory. The theory suggests that social interaction plays a significant role in shaping an individual’s understanding, learning, and personal development. The results of this study demonstrate that social media plays a new role in the theory that can facilitate and enhance social interaction. Studies have shown that people are more inclined to voice their opinions honestly when they obtain information from social media. This is because social media offers an extensive opportunity for communication and allows many people to freely express their opinions. Social media platforms make it accessible for information to be rapidly and broadly distributed, even among individuals who reside outside of cities. Given today is the time of advanced technology, the majority of people use social media daily, which indicates that people use it as a tool to connect with others in their immediate social circles and a location where they can acquire information more quickly.
WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION AS ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS: A STUDY ON GENDER EQUALITY IN INDONESIA
This study investigates the participation of women as online motorcycle taxi drivers in Indonesia as a reflection of gender equality advancement in the gig economy. While the gig economy provides flexibility and earning opportunities, it poses structural, cultural, and safety challenges for female drivers. The research aims to analyze the motivations behind women joining this profession, their challenges, and the implications of their roles for intra-household dynamics and societal perceptions of gender roles. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), participant observations, and document analysis. Participants were 7 female drivers aged 18 and above with diverse educational backgrounds, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted following systematic data coding, with triangulation enhancing the validity of the findings. Ethical considerations were strictly adhered to throughout the research process. The results reveal that time flexibility and economic necessity are the primary motivations for women entering this profession. Despite the benefits, such as income generation, increased bargaining power in families, and social empowerment, female drivers face multifaceted challenges. These include societal stigma, gender-based discrimination, safety concerns, and fluctuating earnings. Informal support networks among female drivers provide emotional strength, but institutional support remains limited. Their visibility has also contributed to reshaping public discourse on women’s roles in informal labour sectors. Women's online motorcycle taxi sector participation offers substantial potential for promoting gender equality by enabling economic independence and redefining traditional gender norms. However, realizing this potential requires multi-stakeholder interventions, including government regulation, platform-based safety protocols, skills training, and public awareness campaigns. Supporting women in this sector is a step toward individual empowerment and a strategic move to foster inclusive development in Indonesia's informal economy.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF FUTURE ORIENTATION ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Past research suggests that students with a stronger future orientation (FO) are more successful because they can regulate their goals and become more confident in achieving them. However, there is a lack of research exploring how FO affects students’ communication skills in expressing their thoughts and feelings, particularly in discussing their motivation to attend school through interpersonal communication. This study explores the similarities and differences between high achievers and at-risk students—often characterized as students who may likely to drop out from school—focusing on their interpersonal communication skills regarding their motivation to attend school. This qualitative research involved two focus groups, each comprising five students identified by school management from a rural public school in northern Malaysia. One group consisted of high achievers, while the other included at-risk students. Data were collected through transcribed interviews and researcher observations and then analysed thematically to identify key differences. The emerging themes were twofold: First, similarities were found in both groups, with students indicating that peer and sibling support motivated them. Second, differences were noted in the spectrum of self-expression and self-esteem in the context of interpersonal communication skills between the two groups. The underlying factor explaining these differences may be related to FO, with high-achieving students exhibiting a higher FO compared to at-risk students. This research extends previous studies by linking FO theory to students’ interpersonal communication skills in discussing their motivation to stay in school.
CONSTRUCTING MENTAL HEALTH NARRATIVES OF INDONESIAN FEMALE PODCASTERS
Abstract As podcasts continue to gain global popularity, they have become an important platform for sharing information and promoting social change. In Indonesia, podcasts are especially popular among female listeners, with a notable interest in content related to mental health. Female podcasters play a crucial role in shaping and sharing narratives around mental health, aiming to increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide emotional support to their audience. This study aims to explore how Indonesian female podcasters construct mental health narratives, focusing on their methods and strategies for engaging their listeners. A qualitative research approach was employed to gather insights into the experiences and perspectives of female podcasters. In-depth interviews were conducted with Indonesian podcasters who are known for creating content centered on mental health topics. These interviews focused on how podcasters incorporate their personal experiences, professional expertise, and audience feedback into their content creation process. The findings reveal that Indonesian female podcasters actively contribute to reshaping the discourse on mental health by integrating diverse viewpoints and fostering a sense of inclusivity. Their podcasts not only address mental health issues but also challenge societal norms, helping to reduce stigma and promote a more open discussion of mental well-being. This research highlights the significant role of female podcasters in advancing mental health awareness in Indonesia. The study recommends further exploration of podcasting as an effective tool for social change, particularly in the context of mental health advocacy. Keywords: Female Creators; Mental Health; Podcast; Social Construction
SPREADING SOCIAL AWARENESS IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT THROUGH PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
This study explores the use of persuasive techniques within tweets discussing the Israeli-Palestinian issue on Twitter and understanding the depth of social awareness regarding the Israel-Palestinian issue discourse presents a crucial research challenge. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating the various themes, sentiments, and narratives prevalent in Twitter. Objectives of this study are to examine the persuasive strategy of tweets addressing the Israeli-Palestinian issue and to evaluate the level of social awareness. Qualitative content analysis of tweets involves collecting a sample of tweets. The persuasive strategies employed in tweets about the Israeli-Palestinian issue sheds light on the various tactics used to influence opinions and attitudes. Twitter users employ a range of persuasive techniques to convey their messages and garner support for their perspectives. By dissecting these strategies, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how information is framed and communicated in the context of contentious geopolitical issues. Then, the evaluation of social awareness toward the Israel-Palestinian issue based on Twitter highlighted the platform's role in shaping public perception and raising awareness. This study reveal the diverse range of perspectives and narratives present in Twitter, reflecting the complexities of the conflict and the diverse array of voices. Keywords: Social awareness; Israeli-Palestinian; Persuasive Communication; Conflict; Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA)
ADVERTISING AND MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN A CULTURAL CONTEXT: RESPECTING DIVERSITY
Abstract In today’s globalised market, marketers face increasing challenges in engaging diverse consumer groups across complex cultural environments. Many advertising strategies overlook local cultural norms, resulting in ineffective messaging and negative consumer responses. This study investigates the role of cultural sensitivity in enhancing the effectiveness of advertising and marketing communication, emphasising the importance of aligning campaigns with local values and traditions. Using a qualitative research design, the study combines content analysis of selected advertising campaigns by global companies in Indonesia with in-depth interviews involving marketing professionals and cultural consultants. Through thematic analysis, the research identifies key patterns in how cultural elements, such as language, customs, and visual symbols, are integrated into marketing strategies. The findings reveal that culturally sensitive advertising fosters greater consumer trust and emotional engagement, while campaigns perceived as culturally inappropriate or politically insensitive risk alienating their target audiences. The study highlights the critical need for marketers to incorporate cultural insights into their communication strategies. It recommends that global marketing teams collaborate with local experts and conduct thorough cultural research to enhance message relevance, avoid cultural missteps, and build stronger, more authentic connections with diverse audiences. These insights are essential for developing effective, respectful, and resonant marketing in multicultural contexts. Keywords: Globalisation; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Culture; Local Values.
ULASAN PENSKOPAN MAKANAN SEBAGAI SIMBOL KOMUNIKASI BUKAN LISAN
Symbols are an important element in determining a successful communication process. This research focuses on food as a symbol in the context of non-verbal communication for conveying social and cultural messages. The study's objective is to analyze knowledge gaps related to food as a symbol in non-verbal communication. A scoping review was used, with data collected through a systematic search of the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Search terms such as nonverbal, communication, food, dish, cuisine, and meal were applied, resulting in 11,643 papers sorted from Scopus and WoS, in the selection of 11 articles for analysis. The research findings highlight six themes: lifestyle, location, time, identity markers, food characteristics, and the relationship between humans and animals. Additionally, the study identifies ten specific areas in food research, including meal timing and location, family context, employment status, health measurements, eating styles, emotional expressions, cultural rituals, and belief systems. This study provides a deeper understanding of how food is used as a symbol in non-verbal communication and suggests further exploration in varied cultural and ethnic contexts to address knowledge gaps in communication studies. Keywords: Culture; Identity Markers; Food; Non-verbal Communication; Social Context Simbol adalah elemen penting dalam menentukan kejayaan proses komunikasi. Penyelidikan ini menumpukan pada makanan sebagai simbol dalam konteks komunikasi bukan lisan untuk menyampaikan mesej sosial dan budaya. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jurang pengetahuan berkaitan makanan sebagai simbol dalam komunikasi bukan lisan. Kajian ulasan penskopan digunakan, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui pencarian sistematik dari pangkalan data Web of Science (WoS) dan Scopus. Istilah pencarian seperti nonverbal, communication, food, dish, cuisine dan meal digunakan, menghasilkan 11,643 artikel dengan memilih 11 artikel untuk dianalisis. Penemuan kajian menonjolkan enam tema: gaya hidup, lokasi, masa, penanda identiti, ciri-ciri makanan, dan hubungan antara manusia dan haiwan. Selain itu, kajian ini mengenal pasti sepuluh bidang khusus dalam penyelidikan makanan, termasuk waktu dan lokasi makan, konteks keluarga, status pekerjaan, ukuran tahap kesihatan, gaya makan, ekspresi emosi, ritual budaya, dan sistem kepercayaan. Kajian ini menyediakan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana makanan digunakan sebagai simbol dalam komunikasi bukan lisan dan mencadangkan supaya kajian lanjut dilaksanakan dalam pelbagai konteks budaya dan etnik untuk menangani jurang pengetahuan dalam kajian komunikasi. Kata kunci: Budaya; Penanda Identiti; Makanan, Komunikasi Bukan Lisan, Konteks Sosial
TAHAP PENERIMAAN DAN KEBERKESANAN PENGGUNAAN PLATFOM DIGITAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP GURU DAN MURID SEKOLAH PONDOK DI KEDAH
The education system in pondok school institutions adopts and emphasizes the learning method known as talaqqi. This method involves face-to-face learning between teacher and student. However, when the Covid-19 pandemic struck the country in 2020, the government enforced the Movement Control Order nationwide. As a result, the education system shifted entirely to online learning. Students were required to use digital platforms from home. Consequently, traditional learning could not continue and had to transition to virtual learning through digital platforms. Therefore, this article aims to measure the level of acceptance and effectiveness of the PdPR (Home-based Teaching and Learning) platform among students of Zakat Schools in Kedah. A quantitative method with data collection through a survey design was employed in this study. This method is suitable for addressing cause-and-effect research questions. The survey involved a total of 301 students from three Zakat Schools in Kedah. The findings showed that the students’ level of acceptance of PdPR learning via digital platforms recorded an average mean score, indicating a moderate level of acceptance. Meanwhile, the level of effectiveness also recorded an average mean score. The study’s findings suggest that both the acceptance and effectiveness of PdPR learning through digital platforms were at a moderate level. This aligns with the abrupt transition from the talaqqi method to digital learning in a short period. Students were not yet fully prepared to face such a change. Keywords: Covid-19; Zakat Schools, PdPR, Digital Platform, UTAUT Theory Sistem pendidikan di institusi sekolah pondok mengadaptasi dan menekankan kaedah pembelajaran menerusi “talaaqi”. Kaedah ini merupakan kaedah pembelajaran bersemuka di antara guru dan murid. Walau bagaimapun, apabila pandemik Covid-19 yang menular negara pada tahun 2020, kerajaan telah menguatkuasa Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan di seluruh negara. Oleh itu, sistem pendidikan telah beralih sepenuhnya kepada kaedah atas talian. Murid-murid dikehendaki menggunakan platform digital di rumah. Justeru, pembelajaran tidak dapat diteruskan dan terpaksa beralih secara maya menerusi platfom digital. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap penerimaan dan tahap keberkesanan penggunaan platform PdPR terhadap murid Sekolah Zakat Kedah. Kaedah kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data menerusi kajian berbentuk tinjauan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Ia sesuai untuk menjawab persoalan kajian yang bersifat sebab dan akibat. Tinjauan kajian melibatkan seramai 301 murid daripada tiga buah Sekolah Zakat Kedah. Dapatan menunjukkan tahap penerimaan murid terhadap kaedah pembelajaran PdPR menerusi platform pendigitalan menunjukkan skor purata min tahap penerimaan iaitu berada pada tahap sederhana. Manakala bagi tahap keberkesanan pula menunjukkan skor purata min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap penerimaan dan tahap keberkesanan pembelajaran PdPR menerusi platform digital berada pada tahap sederhana. Ia selari dengan perubahan kaedah secara drastik pembelajaran menerusi “talaaqi” berubah kepada digital dalam masa yang singkat. Murid belum bersedia sepenuhnya dalam menghadapi perubahan tersebut. Kata kunci: Covid-19; Sekolah Zakat, PdPR, Platform Digital, Teori UTAUT.
THE CHALLENGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: COMMUNICATION ACTION OF CITOREK'S YOUNG GENERATION
Efforts toward environmental sustainability in geopark development often encounter tensions between traditional wisdom and modern policy, particularly within indigenous communities. This study investigates how the youth of Citorek, Indonesia, navigate these challenges by integrating ancestral customs with government-driven Bayah Dome Geopark initiatives. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 11 key informants, six months of participant observation at 15 cultural-environmental events, and critical discourse analysis of 22 documents, including customary laws and UNESCO guidelines. The findings reveal that Citorek youth act as mediators between tradition and modernity through hybrid communication strategies. They sustain cultural rituals like Seren Taun while resisting environmental threats such as mining through digital campaigns on platforms like Instagram and local websites. They also bridge intergenerational and institutional gaps by promoting customary land management (ngamit lembur) within formal geopark frameworks and use traditional forums (musyawarah adat) alongside social media to support sustainable tourism. However, fragmented stakeholder collaboration and limited policy awareness persist. This study concludes that Citorek youth exemplify how hybrid, culturally rooted communication supported by social capital and Habermasian communicative action can enhance environmental governance. Their model aligns with SDGs 11 and 13, demonstrating that youth can be vital agents in culturally grounded sustainability. Recommendations include institutionalizing youth led digital platforms, scaling the Citorek model to other indigenous settings, and formalizing intergenerational knowledge transfer through mentorship programs. Keywords: Environmental Communication; Social Capital; Youth Generation; Geopark Sustainability; Traditional-Modern Hybridity; Kasepuhan Citorek Usaha ke arah kelestarian alam sekitar dalam pembangunan geopark sering berdepan cabaran untuk mengimbangi kearifan tempatan dengan dasar moden, khususnya dalam komuniti masyarakat pribumi. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana generasi muda di Citorek, Indonesia, menangani kerumitan ini dengan mengintegrasikan adat warisan leluhur bersama inisiatif Geopark Bayah Dome yang digerakkan oleh kerajaan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui temu bual mendalam dengan 11 orang informan utama, pemerhatian berpartisipasi selama enam bulan di 15 acara budaya dan alam sekitar, serta analisis wacana kritikal terhadap 22 dokumen termasuk undang-undang adat dan garis panduan UNESCO. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa golongan muda Citorek memainkan peranan sebagai perantara antara tradisi dan modenisasi melalui strategi komunikasi hibrid. Mereka mengekalkan ritual budaya seperti Seren Taun sambil menentang aktiviti perlombongan melalui kempen digital di Instagram dan laman web komuniti seperti Lebak Unique. Selain itu, mereka menghubungkan jurang antara generasi dan pihak berkepentingan dengan mengangkat pengurusan tanah adat (ngamit lembur) ke dalam kerangka geopark kebangsaan serta menggabungkan forum tradisional (musyawarah adat) dengan media sosial untuk menyokong pelancongan lestari. Walau bagaimanapun, kerjasama pihak berkepentingan yang terpecah dan kurangnya kesedaran dasar kekal sebagai cabaran. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa komunikasi hibrid berasaskan modal sosial dan tindakan komunikatif (Habermas) yang diamalkan oleh belia Citorek berupaya mengukuhkan tadbir urus alam sekitar. Model ini sejajar dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) 11 dan 13. Cadangan termasuk memperkukuh platform digital yang diketuai belia, memperluas model Citorek ke komuniti pribumi lain, dan memformalkan pemindahan ilmu antara generasi melalui program mentor. Kata kunci: Komunikasi Alam Sekitar; Modal Sosial; Generasi Belia; Kelestarian Geopark; Hibrid Tradisi-Moderni; Kasepuhan Citorek
THE UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN THE INTERCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT EXPERIENCES AMONG IISMA STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
The Indonesia International Student Mobility Awards (IISMA) is one of the schemes under Kampus Merdeka Program initiated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia , designed to enhance students’ global exposure by enabling them to study abroad. IISMA awardee will have pre-departure preparation that leads to different adjustment experience. Pre-departure, departure and adjustment experiences will expose students to a circumstance whereby they can utilize digital media to seek information and deal with intercultural challenges during the program. This study explores how IISMA awardees in Malaysia navigate their intercultural adjustment, with particular focus on the role of digital media. A qualitative approach was used, involving in-depth interviews with selected IISMA participants studying at universities in Malaysia. Informants reflected on their experiences across the pre-departure, arrival, and adaptation phases, highlighting digital media’s role in information-seeking, expectation management, and emotional support. Findings show that digital media played a key role for students to connect with peers, access cultural knowledge, and manage sociocultural and psychological challenges. However, variations in digital media literacy and prior international exposure affected how effectively these media were used. The study concludes that digital media supports intercultural adaptation but underscores the need for structured pre-departure preparation. Keywords: Digital Media; Intercultural Communication; Interaction; Adjustment; IISMA