ASALIB AL-SAYTARAH ?ALA MAKHATIR AL-QURUD AL-HASANAH FI AL-ZAKAH: DIRASAH TAHLILIYYAH [METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE RISKS OF QARD AL-HASAN IN ZAKAT: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY]

Abstract

This study examines the methods for controlling the risks associated with Qard al-Hasan (benevolent loans) financed through zakat, from both juristic and administrative perspectives. Practical applications of Qard al-Hasan schemes have revealed significant financial, administrative, and Shariah-related risks arising from weak monitoring mechanisms, beneficiary default, and the absence of sound Shariah governance factors that have led to the failure of numerous projects and, consequently, to the misuse or misallocation of zakat funds. The researcher adopts an analytical methodology by examining the classical Shariah evidence related to rahn (pledge), kafalah (guarantee), and ?aman (surety), and comparing these tools with contemporary risk management frameworks in Islamic financial institutions. The study’s main contributions lie in developing a comprehensive preventive framework for managing Qard al-Hasan risks in zakat-funded initiatives, integrating juristic principles with modern governance mechanisms, and proposing an institutional model capable of mitigating risks before they occur. This framework also demonstrates a positive developmental impact by enhancing sustainability and aligning more closely with the maqa?id (objectives) of zakat in promoting economic empowerment. The findings indicate that most risks associated with Qard al-Hasan are behavioral and administrative rather than purely financial, and that the proposed preventive system offers the most coherent alignment with Shariah objectives and contemporary governance standards.