[Interpretation Method of Al-Ilmi Hamka and Al-Maraghiy on Al-Kawniyah Verses: A Comparison] Metode Pentafsiran Al-Ilmiy Hamka dan Al-Maraghiy Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Al-Kawniyyah : Satu Perbandingan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2017.15.1.223Abstract
The Tafsir al-Azhar of HAMKA is one of the Malay world's tafsir which reveals the vastness of knowledge that encompasses and covers all disciplines of science. In this interpretation, he pay close attention to the Qur'anic verses relating to al-kawniyyah or the development of nature as a means of strengthening the creed. The approach he applied in interpreting the verses of al-kawniyyah was through the interpretation of al-ilmiy (scientific interpretation). Although there are pros and cons to the pattern of al-tafsir al-ilmiy, this pattern is the main medium of Islamic scholars to debate al-kawniyyah verses based on theories and discoveries of science that have been produced today. Among the sources of HAMKA references in writing Tafsir al-Azhar is the book of tafsir (quranic exegesis) of Sheikh Mustafa al-Maraghiy, known as Tafsir al-Maraghiy. This interpretation is also regarded as one of the Quranic exegesis which emphasizes the interpretation of the character of al-tafsir al-ilmiy and is modest in highlighting the scientific facts related to al-kawniyyah verses in the Qur'an. This article will attempt to review and analyze the views and methodologies of HAMKA in his interpretation of al-kawniyyah verses in the Qur'an and compare with the interpretation of al-Maraghiy. The author identified, collected, compiled, analyzed and compared the interpretations made by HAMKA and al-Maraghiy toward the al-kawniyyah verses to obtain a brief overview of the interpretation methodology of these two mufassir based on al-tafsir al-ilmiy's pattern from equation. The result of this study found that apart from Tafsir al-Azhar's references, Tafsir al-Maraghiy has similarities from the point of writing and interpretation of the Qur'anic verse applied by HAMKA. In addition, the study can also prove the similarities inherent from both these mufassirs as a result of the analysis of the methodology of interpretation of al-kawniyyah verses through the al-tafsir al-ilmiy pattern. The conclusions of this paper have proven the strengths and capabilities of the indigenous scholars of HAMKA, but he also refers to the major texts of the Qur'an in the world of Islamic science disciplines in interpreting the verses of Allah in the Qur'an.
Keywords: al-Quran, al-Tafsir al-Ilmiy (Scientific Interpretation), Tafsir al-Azhar, HAMKA, Tafsir al-Maraghiy
Tafsir al-Azhar karangan HAMKA merupakan salah satu tafsir Alam Melayu yang memperlihatkan keluasan ilmu pengetahuan yang hampir mencakupi dan meliputi semua disiplin ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam tafsir ini, beliau cukup memberi perhatian kepada ayat- ayat al-Quran yang berkaitan dengan al-kawniyyah atau perkembangan alam tabii sebagai cara menguatkan akidah. Pendekatan yang diterapkan beliau dalam mentafsir ayat-ayat al- kawniyyah adalah melalui corak pentafsiran al-ilmiy (tafsir saintifik). Walaupun terdapat pro dan kontra terhadap corak al-tafsir al-ilmiy, namun corak ini merupakan medium utama ulama-ulama Islam untuk membahaskan tentang ayat-ayat al-kawniyyah berpandukan teori-teori dan penemuan-penemuan sains yang terhasil pada zaman kini. Antara sumber rujukan HAMKA dalam menulis Tafsir al-Azhar ialah kitab tafsir karangan Sheikh Mustafa al-Maraghiy yang dikenali sebagai Tafsir al-Maraghiy. Tafsir ini juga disifatkan sebagai salah satu tafsir al-Quran yang menekankan tafsiran bercorak al-tafsir al-ilmiy dan bersifat sederhana dalam mengenengahkan fakta-fakta saintifik yang berkaitan ayat-ayat al- kawniyyah dalam al-Quran. Artikel ini akan cuba meninjau dan menganalisis pandangan serta metodologi pentafsiran HAMKA dalam kitab tafsirnya berkaitan ayat-ayat al-kawniyyah dalam al-Quran dan membandingkan dengan tafsiran al-Maraghiy. Penulis mengenal pasti, mengumpul, menyusun, menganalisis dan membanding tafsiran-tafsiran yang dilakukan oleh HAMKA dan al-Maraghiy terhadap ayat-ayat al-kawniyyah untuk mendapatkan gambaran ringkas metodologi pentafsiran kedua-dua mufassir ini berdasarkan corak al- tafsir al-ilmiy dari sudut persamaan. Hasil daripada kajian ini mendapati bahawa selain daripada salah satu rujukan Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Maraghiy memiliki kesamaan dari sudut disiplin penulisan dan pentafsiran terhadap ayat al-Quran yang diterapkan oleh HAMKA. Selain itu, kajian juga dapat membuktikan kesamaan yang dimiliki daripada kedua- dua mufassir ini hasil daripada hasil analisis metodologi pentafsiran terhadap ayat-ayat al- kawniyyah melalui corak al-tafsir al-ilmiy. Kesimpulan daripada penulisan ini telah membuktikan kekuatan dan kemampuan yang tersendiri yang dimiliki oleh ulama Alam Melayu seperti HAMKA bahkan beliau juga merujuk kepada kitab-kitab tafsir yang utama dalam dunia disiplin ilmu agama Islam dalam mentafsirkan ayat-ayat Allah dalam al-Quran.
Kata kunci: al-Quran, al-Tafsir al-Ilmiy, Tafsir al-Azhar, HAMKA, Tafsir al-Maraghiy
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