Darar Emosi dan Hak Wanita dalam Pembubaran Perkahwinan
Emotional Darar and Women's Right in Marriage Dissolution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2025.25.3.902Abstract
Islam mengiktiraf dan melindungi hak wanita daripada penderaan dalam hubungan kekeluargaan, termasuk penderaan atau ḍarar emosi yang boleh memudaratkan kesihatan mental dan kehidupan wanita. Ḍarar emosi dianggap sebagai alasan sah bagi memohon perceraian menurut Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (EUUKI) di Malaysia, melibatkan penghinaan, makian, dan pembulian emosi berterusan oleh suami. Namun, isteri masih berhadapan dengan cabaran beban pembuktian dan prosedur mahkamah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan ulama fiqah mengenai hukum perceraian disebabkan ḍarar emosi dan aplikasinya dalam EUUKI, serta mengenal pasti cabaran pelaksanaan EUUKI dalam menangani isu ḍarar emosi. Kajian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpul data primer melalui kajian kepustakaan dan temu bual separa struktur bersama seorang peguam syarie. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian mendapati, EUUKI menggunakan pandangan mazhab Maliki yang membolehkan isteri memohon fasakh disebabkan ḍarar emosi. Di samping itu, beberapa cabaran dikenal pasti seperti isteri sukar mengemukakan bukti yang kukuh, kurang pengetahuan mengenai ḍarar emosi, dan prosedur mahkamah yang panjang. Kajian mencadangkan pemerkasaan undang-undang serta meningkatkan kesedaran melalui sokongan sosial sesuai masa kini. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu memperkukuh perlindungan wanita yang mengalami ḍarar emosi dalam perkahwinan.
Islam recognizes and protects women's rights from abuse within family relationships, including emotional abuse or ḍarar, which can harm women’s mental health and well-being. Emotional ḍarar is considered a valid ground for divorce under the Islamic Family Law Enactment (IFLE) in Malaysia, involving continuous humiliation, verbal abuse, and emotional bullying by the husband. However, women still face challenges related to the burden of proof and legal procedures. This study aims to analyze the views of Islamic jurisprudence scholars on the legitimacy of divorce due to emotional ḍarar and its application under IFLE, as well as to identify the challenges in implementing IFLE in addressing emotional ḍarar. The study uses a qualitative approach, gathering primary data through literature review and semi-structured interviews with a Syariah lawyer. The data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that IFLE follows the Maliki school of thought, which allows a wife to seek fasakh (annulment of marriage) due to emotional ḍarar. Several challenges were identified, such as difficulty in providing solid evidence, lack of awareness regarding emotional ḍarar, and lengthy court procedures. The study recommends strengthening legal frameworks and raising awareness through modern social support systems. In conclusion, the study aims to contribute to reinforcing protection for women experiencing emotional ḍarar within marriage.
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