Analisis Kejayaan Pemerintahan Islam Berasaskan Pelaksanaan Prinsip Kepemimpinan Berteraskan Islam Umar Al-Khattab RA

Analysis Of The Successful Islamic Government Based On The Exucation Umar Al-Khattab Ra Principles In Leadership Based On Islam

Abstract

Kepemimpinan merupakan perkara penting dan faktor utama dalam mencapai matlamat organisasi. Seorang pemimpin benar-benar menentukan kemajuan sesebuah negara dan makmurnya sesebuah penduduk. Kepemimpinan masa kini mengalami banyak kemunduran dan kegagalan, banyak orang memerintah negara tetapi Islam tidak ditegakkan. Rakyat hilang kepercayaan kepada kepemimpinan Islam kerana pemimpin hari ini tidak berjiwa kepimpinan dan sahsiah yang baik sesuai prinsip kepemimpinan berteraskan Islam yang diajarkan oleh Rasulullah SAW dan para sahabatnya. Seorang sahabat yang dikagumi pemerintahannya iaitu Umar al-Khattab RA menjadi tumpuan dalam kajian ini. Beliau merupakan khalifah kedua dan tokoh penting dalam sejarah tamadun Islam. Sebagai khalifah kedua, terdapat prinsip-prinsip yang digunakan dalam kepimpinannya dan amat mengagumkan kemajuan kerajaannya. Berdasarkan perspektif positif ini, apakah yang boleh dicontohi daripada prinsip kepemimpinan berteraskan Islam Umar al-Khattab RA terhadap kepemimpinan masa kini? Bagaimanakah Umar al-Khattab RA mengamalkan prinsip kepimpinannya sehingga tercipta sebuah negara maju dan sebahagian besar rakyat mendapat impak positif dan mereka makmur? Daripada persoalan-persoalan tersebut, kajian ini dijalankan dalam bentuk kajian metod naratif, kerana ia bertepatan dengan data sekunder yang dikumpul menggunakan kaedah kajian dokumen. Data-data ini kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan kualitatif. Hasilnya, ia dapat membina kerangka konsep bagi prinsip kepemimpinan berteraskan Islam Umar al-Khattab RA yang merangkumi lapan prinsip iaitu bertauhidkan Allah SWT, takut hanya kepada Allah SWT, cinta kepada Rasulullah SAW, mempertahankan syariat Islam, memartabatkan kepimpinan khalifah, mengutamakan syura, menerapkan keadilan dan mengamalkan amanah. Berasaskan lapan prinsip ini, Umar al-Khattab RA diiktiraf kegemilangan pemerintahannya oleh orang Islam dan bukan Islam. Kerajaannya mendapat jaminan keselamatan dan hak dalam menyampaikan sebarang aduan, baik orang Islam mahupun yang bukan Islam, serta tidak berlaku kezaliman. Kepemimpinan Islam hari ini boleh mencontohi prinsip-prinsip ini supaya boleh menerima kesan positif yang sama seperti yang diterima dalam pemerintahan Umar al-Khattab RA.

Leadership is an important matter and the main factor in achieving organizational goals. A leader really determines the progress of a country and the prosperity of a population. Today's leadership has many setbacks and failures, many people rule the country, but Islam is not enforced. The people have lost faith in Islamic leadership because today's leaders do not have a good leadership spirit and character in accordance with the principles of Islamic-based leadership taught by Rasulullah SAW and his companions. A companion whose rule was admired, Umar al-Khattab RA, became the focus of this study. He is the second caliph and an important figure in the history of Islamic civilization. As the second caliph, there are principles used in his leadership and the progress of his kingdom is very impressive. Based on this positive perspective, what can be emulated from the Islamic leadership principles of Umar al-Khattab RA towards today's leadership? How did Umar al-Khattab RA practice his leadership principles so that a developed country was created and most of the people had a positive impact and they prospered? From those questions, this study is conducted in the form of a narrative method study, because it coincides with the secondary data collected using the document study method. This data analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods. As a result, he was able to build a conceptual framework for the Islamic-based leadership principles of Umar al-Khattab RA, which includes eight principles, namely monotheism in Allah SWT, fearing only Allah SWT, love for the Messenger of God SAW, defending Islamic Sharia, dignifying the leadership of the caliph, prioritizing shura, applying justice and practice trust. Based on these eight principles, Umar al-Khattab RA recognized the glory of his rule by Muslims and non-Muslims. His government is guaranteed safety and the right to present any complaints, both Muslims and non-Muslims, and that there will be no tyranny. Islamic leadership today can emulate these principles so that it can receive the same positive effects as received in the reign of Umar al-Khattab RA.