HAMKA: Mufassir Reformis Kebangkitan Islam Di Indonesia
HAMKA: A Reformist Mufassir of the Islamic Revival in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2025.26.3.979Keywords:
HAMKA, mufassir, reformis, Indonesia, Tafsir al-AzharAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti salah seorang tokoh ulung nusantara iaitu Hamka. Beliau merupakan seorang reformis Islam di Indonesia dan mufassir (ahli tafsir). Perbincangan mengenai kehebatan dan perjuangan Hamka sering diperkatakan dalam konteks kebangkitan Melayu Islam dari dahulu sehingga kini. Tambahan pula, kehebatan beliau turut dibayangi oleh karyanya Tafsir al-Azhar. Namun, sebagai seorang mufassir dan reformis kebangkitan Melayu Islam di Indonesia, adakah terdapat hubung kait antara tafsiran yang dilakukan dengan perjuangan? Apakah elemen-elemen perjuangan dalam tafsiran beliau bagi mengembalikan kehebatan umat Islam? Oleh itu, makalah ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan terhadap karya Hamka iaitu Tafsir al-Azhar untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan tersebut. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini disusun dalam dua bahagian. Pertama, perbincangan mengenai sejarah perjuangan Hamka dan penulisan tafsirnya. Kedua, menganalisis elemen-elemen reformis dalam Tafsir al-Azhar. Hasilnya, makalah ini mendapati lima corak reformis dalam tafsirannya iaitu galakan penggunaan pancaindera, kesepaduan antara dalil naqli dengan aqli, tauhid sebagai pasak kehidupan dan falsafah al-Qur’an sebagai penyelesaian, memberi jawapan terhadap isu-isu dalam masyarakat Islam, perbandingan antara kitab Taurat, Injil dengan al-Quran. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa kesemua elemen ini berada pada landasan yang tepat untuk mengembalikan kehebatan generasi Islam khususnya di Indonesia.
This article aims to identify one of the foremost figures of the Malay–Indonesian world, Hamka, who was an Islamic reformist in Indonesia and a mufassir (Qur’anic exegete). Discussions on Hamka’s intellectual stature and struggle are frequently situated within the broader narrative of the Islamic revival among the Malay–Muslim community from the past to the present. Moreover, his scholarly prominence is closely associated with his monumental work, Tafsir al-Azhar. However, as a mufassir and a reformist figure in the Islamic revival in Indonesia, the question arises as to whether there is a relationship between his Qur’anic interpretations and his reformist struggle. What are the elements of reform embedded in his exegesis that aim to restore the strength and vitality of the Muslim ummah? Accordingly, this article employs a content analysis method on Hamka’s work, Tafsir al-Azhar, to address these questions. The discussion is structured into two main sections. The first examines Hamka’s biographical background, his reformist struggle, and the context of his exegetical writing. The second analyzes the reformist elements present in Tafsir al-Azhar. The findings reveal five reformist patterns in his exegesis: the encouragement of the use of human senses and reason, the integration of naqli(revealed) and aqli (rational) evidence, the centrality of tawhid as the foundation of life and the Qur’anic worldview as a solution, engagement with contemporary issues faced by Muslim society, and comparative discussion between the Torah, the Gospel, and the Qur’an. It can be concluded that these elements collectively operate within a sound framework aimed at restoring the excellence of the Muslim generation, particularly in Indonesia.
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