Fiqh al-Watan sebagai kerangka alternatif tadbir urus Islam: analisis kritikal terhadap pendekatan Salafi-Wahhabi di Alam Melayu
Fiqh al-Watan as an alternative framework of Islamic governance: a critical analysis of the Salafi-Wahhabi approach in the Malay World
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2026.27.1.984Keywords:
Fiqh al-Watan, Islamic Governance, Salafi–Wahhabi, Adab al-Ikhtilāf, Malay World, Alam MelayuAbstract
Artikel ini meneliti kesesuaian pendekatan Salafi-Wahhabi sebagai kerangka tadbir urus Islam di Alam Melayu, dengan tumpuan khusus terhadap asas epistemologi, dimensi etika dan implikasi terhadap institusi. Berpandukan analisis literatur dan kritikan konseptual, kajian ini menghujahkan bahawa pendekatan Salafi-Wahhabi cenderung menyempitkan agama, kerana ia mengutamakan kepatuhan literal terhadap al-Qur'an dan Sunah sambil secara sistematik menolak tasawuf, falsafah dan 'urf sahih. Kecenderungan ini mengakibatkan pemahaman yang sempit terhadap ihsan, budaya adab al-ikhtilaf, serta ketegangan yang berterusan dengan adat dan institusi tempatan; kesemua perkara ini melemahkan keharmonian sosial dan kestabilan tadbir urus. Sebagai alternatif, artikel ini mencadangkan Fiqh al-Watan sebagai kerangka tadbir urus Islam yang berpaksikan ijtihad beradab (al-ijtihad al-akhlaqi) iaitu mengintegrasikan nas dengan maqasid al-shari'ah, tasawuf sebagai teras etika ihsan, falsafah sebagai alat hikmah tadbir, serta adat tempatan dan ingatan kolektif sebagai sumber legitimasi institusi dan kesinambungan sosial. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Fiqh al-Watan menawarkan model tadbir urus Islam yang lebih holistik, berakar umbi dan mampan untuk masyarakat di Alam Melayu. Ia satu model yang menggabungkan kepatuhan kepada wahyu dengan keterbukaan terhadap realiti tempatan, tanpa mengenepikan prinsip tauhid mahupun mengabaikan kepelbagaian budaya. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada wacana akademik tentang Islam tempatan dan tadbir urus Islam, di samping menyediakan asas analitik bagi dasar pentadbiran agama dan reformasi pendidikan Islam yang berteraskan etika dan responsif terhadap konteks tempatan
This article examines the suitability of the Salafi-Wahhabi approach as a framework for Islamic governance in the Malay World, focusing on its epistemological foundations, ethical dimensions, and institutional implications. Drawing on literature analysis and conceptual critique, the study argues that the Salafi-Wahhabi approach tends to be reductionist, as it prioritises literal adherence to the Qur'an and Sunnah while systematically rejecting tasawwuf, philosophy, and 'urf sahih. This orientation results in a narrowed understanding of ihsan, a fragile culture of adab al-ikhtilaf, and persistent tensions with local customs and institutions; all of which undermine social harmony and stability. As an alternative, the article proposes Fiqh al-Watan as a framework of Islamic governance grounded in adab-based ijtihad, integrating scriptural sources with maqasid al-shari'ah, tasawwuf as the ethical core of ihsan, philosophy as an instrument of governance wisdom, and local custom and collective memory as sources of institutional legitimacy. The findings suggest that Fiqh al-Watan offers a more holistic, rooted, and sustainable model of Islamic governance for plural societies in the Malay World. This study contributes to the academic discourse on local Islam and Islamic governance while providing an analytical basis for religious administration policies and Islamic education reforms that are both ethically grounded and contextually responsive.
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