Theories and Perspectives of Takaful: Context of Salesperson

Takaful salespersons are prominent actors in the Takaful industry, whereby most Takaful operators necessitate salespersons to represent them by promoting the products and services to the society. Indisputable, a prompt number of researches regarding Takaful is mounting in the recent decades. Hence, this study obtained a phenomenon of Takaful salespeople with a comprehensive overview to close the gaps in conceptualization and theoretical viewpoint. The researcher discoursed a systematic review of 1660 papers covered from year 2011 to 2021 in different disciplines to better understand the comprehensive Takaful salespersons' phenomenon. This study will contribute to fostering the corpus of knowledge among scholars, academician and practitioners to fathom regarding Takaful conceptualization. Regardless of the established theories, a multidimensional theoretical perspective must be clarified to develop a systematic model for Takaful salespeople. Thus, the future path is advised to capitalize on the potential in this field of study.


INTRODUCTION
Takaful is a topical phenomenon, and it becomes captivating among researchers to explore more about it. Scholars and practitioners also pay more attention to Takaful since it enhances economic and business growth (Mahmud & Abd. Kader, 2012). Consequently, many Islamic countries focus on Takaful as it impacts the economy by the emerging conceptualization of Takaful. Among the subject stream of Takaful that has been covered are the demand for micro small medium enterprise in Takaful business policy (Salleh et al., 2018), customer satisfaction, Islamic leadership, Takaful market, and Takaful model and concept (Husin, 2019). In the context of Takaful, many researchers devoted to discuss Takaful in customer perception, some of them focus on Takaful operator. Meanwhile, this study alluded to investigate the concept and perspective in Takaful salespersons since there is very few scholars concentrate on the phenomenon. In fact, Takaful salesperson is the most important of key distribution channel of Takaful product to the consumer. Though the Takaful salespersons practically involved in the industry, the theoretical contribution may benefit to the Takaful operator and policy maker in the business operating of services by the Takaful salespersons.
As time evolves, Takaful in Malaysia plays an essential role in putting risks at a minimal loss and conquering economic development, specifically in the financial sector. It is because the business of Takaful obtained an ethical system nature that can be marketed to all communities regardless of religion (Eldaia, Hanefah, Marzuki, & Shatnawi, 2020). Malaysian Takaful industry grew profoundly from 2011 to 2018 (Malaysia Takaful Association, 2018) and is forecasted to rise more than 18% by 2019. Due to that, Takaful operators require the appointment of Takaful salespeople aggressively as the channel of distribution in promoting the Takaful product to the consumer. Takaful salespersons act on behalf of Takaful operators to serve the consumers about Takaful services. It involves the documentation, procedures and information regarding Takaful to the consumer (Abdullah, Hassan, & Yusoff, 2020). Apart from that, the scholar fascinates to explore more about Takaful among salespersons due to the importance of Takaful salespersons as the most effective distribution channel in the industry. The fruition of theory used for the study related to Takaful salespersons turns out to be a crucial argument because this province is different from the other sphere of Takaful. Many studies concentrate on deliberating Takaful salespersons despite any other discipline since it becomes the alternative to empirical studies in defining Takaful salesperson. In other words, Takaful salesperson is a part of the Takaful area that contribute to the economic growth (Samsuri & Jamal, 2017). Newly, the concept and theory of Takaful in the context of salespersons has been revealed as substantial since many authors and scholars focusing on retention, recruitment, and sustainability of Takaful salespersons. Nevertheless, the various research of Takaful salespersons commands a rigorously to state the solid, and comprehensive theory. Several researchers emphasized comprehensive theory by integrating two or three theories to contribute to the study of Takaful salespersons (Messah & Kubai, 2011). Inevitably, there is still a lack of theories that can explain precisely the Takaful salesperson context, yet it is premature and depends on the research area of the study. On the other hand, there has been a significant expansion on Takaful salespersons' theoretical framework. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review the theories and perspectives that has been researched by the scholars to enhance the understanding of the Takaful concept especially in the context of salespersons. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the theoretical development of Takaful in the context of salespersons and the literature associated with the Takaful concept.

LITERATURE REVIEW Theoretical Perspective of Takaful
The exponential growth of the Takaful perspective triggered multiple researchers to give more attention to this context. In the past few years, Takaful has become a phenomenon among scholars, academicians and researchers in their studies. However, the studies focus on the various context of Takaful, yet it is tough to find an appropriate theory explaining the Takaful as a whole (Husin, 2019). Furthermore, Takaful is evolving as a new field and entails various theories to explain different perspectives such as demand in economic, social and environmental (Hassan, Salman, Kassim, & Majdi, 2018). The theories selected by the researchers vary on the discipline of their studies. Due to that, Takaful research faced a challenging situation to develop and test the theories accordingly.  Barry Mitnick and Stephan Ross founded agency theory in 1973 as the first authors in developing this theory. Agency theory involved a relationship; salesperson-principal relationship, whereby one party (salesperson) acts on behalf of another party (principal), and it focuses on solving the issues between two parties. The theory has two perspectives which are the economic perspective by Ross Mitnick and the institutional perspective by Stephan Ross (Mitnick, 2013). Panda and Leepsa (2017) extended the theory to an assumption, highlighting the issue that arises on behalf of the principal regarding salesperson reimbursement. This approach addresses two issues: agency costs and information asymmetries. Agency cost refers to the cost related to the relationship between agent and principal where the agent has the authority to make a resolution on behalf of the principal. Whereas information asymmetries mean the agents has more information in the course of business than the principal (Mitnick, 2013). In the context of Takaful, the salesperson on behalf of Takaful leader manage all the business of Takaful and has more knowledge of Takaful operation. However, the relationship between salesperson and leader influence the performance and sales of the Takaful salesperson.

Self-Determination Theory
The psychologist Edward Deci and Richard Ryan were the former who initiated the theory of self-determination in 1985. Deci and Ryan (2000) derived the idea of self-motivation that the individual motivation and personality reflect the performance and can be controlled in the basic of psychological for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Meanwhile, Legault (2019) cited that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in self-determination theory influenced individuals' personalities and facilitated their physical needs, performance, and well-being. Gilbert (2020) emphasised that self-determination theory, as a component of salespeople's contribution to their well-being and performance, results in the effectiveness of their motivation for the job at hand. Meanwhile, the self-determination theory is found helpful in motivating employees, including salespersons who work on behalf of the principal (Pagiaslis, 2015). It is supported in the research done by Güntert (2015) that justified selfdetermination is vital to enhance self-motivation if the individual perform in the course of working, including work design and outcome.

Stakeholder Theory
Richard Edward Freeman pioneered the development of stakeholder theory in 1984 as it underlined the interconnection of business with its customer, suppliers, employees, investors and others related to the stake in the organisation. The theory depends upon groups or individuals to analyse the organisation's performance and achievement, of the stakeholder contribution (Strand & Freeman, 2015). The stakeholder theory covered several elements, including internal and external stakeholders, which are regarded as the most important for performance assessment to understand the structure and dimensions of the business (Nazri et al., 2020). Stakeholder impacts the entities of the business such as employee, suppliers, communities and and salespersons in the Takaful industry. Since stakeholder refers to the outcome and performance, it is in line with Takaful salespersons that focus on the sales performance. Stakeholder helps to improve performance of Takaful salesperson based on the organization concept (Islam & Bhuiyan, 2019). Hence, with the stakeholder theory framework, the Takaful salesperson engrosses fully on their duty and performance.

Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB)
The theory of planned behaviour is prominent in the various discipline area of study. It is suitable in many research related to the behaviour of the individual in many aspect (Sommer, 2011). In 1985, Icek Ajzen built the theory of planned behaviour as the extension of the previous theory of reasoned action (TRA), which assuming human behaviour from intention to behaviour (Zhang, 2018). TPB postulates that the degree behavioural control the intention of the individual on acting their activities with three indicators involved consist of (i) attitude toward the behaviour, (ii) subjective norms, and (iii) perceived behavioural control (Ajzen, 2020). All the indicators are conceived and have been verified by numerous pollsters to determine the performance of the individual in satisfaction and intention to purchase. The elements in TPB are very important that influence the individual such as in the course of employment and result to the outcome, productivity and performance (Hassan, Zhang, Ahmad, & Liu, 2021). The wide range of the implementation theory planned behaviour had attracted the attention of scholars in the Takaful field. Kazaure (2019) researched Takaful acceptance intention and resulted in attitude and perceived control behaviour as positively related to the performance of Takaful salesperson. The result is also supported in the study done by Masud, Ismail, and Rahman (2020) that Takaful acceptance are doning by the behavioral of the individual.

Social Exchanged Theory (SET)
Sociologist Homans has first introduced the social exchange theory in 1958 and Thibaut and Kelly in 1959. This theory is dynamically confronted in current years by research in different contexts of studies. SET has been expanded broadly to explain two parties' relationship when one party benefits another party and results in the other party's benefit. The exchange of benefits involves diverse resources, including pecuniary, services, physical teamwork, trust, and the organisational member's relationship, which resulted in turnover (Arifin & Yazid, 2019;Osman, Noordin, Daud, & Othman, 2016). Additionally, SET also explained the workplace behaviour with the employee and employer interaction. SET stresses the individual's action that forestalls to gain from what they have given. Lambe, Wittmann, and Spekman (2001) justified in the marketing and sales activity, SET is very important to determine the equitable and fair exchange between leaders and salesmans. However, numbers of research highlight SET as and essential for buyer and seller to complete the transaction where buyer negotiate to satisfy the needs by exchange money for goods or services from the seller.

METHODOLOGY
This study embraced a systematic review to explain the development of the Takaful conceptualization of salespersons based on the former researcher. The reason for using this systematic review study is to describe a comprehensive and scrupulously presented theoretical and empirical finding (Siddaway, Wood, & Hedges, 2019). The systematic review summarizes the findings and identifies all of the phenomena relevant to Takaful salespersons' context. The total of 7010 papers discussed about Islamic insurance in variety fields has been found, yet only 1660 papers of Takaful has been recognized related to the studies. The researcher employed scrutinizing keywords to identify similar publications and journals in the presence of Takaful salespeople. Takaful salespersons, Islamic insurance salespersons, Takaful agents, Takaful participation, Takaful adoption, and Islamic insurance doctrines are examples that researcher used to find the information regarding the study. Additionally, the study also selected several journal databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, Emerald, and Scopus. The research journal and articles are taken ten years back, from 2011 to 2021, based on the title and abstract associated with the Takaful salespersons context and its several aspects (Newman & Gough, 2020).
A snowball method has been used to treasure the Takaful studies of salespersons by choosing the author from the bibliography. This technique empowered the explanation of the Takaful salesperson context to be more credible and realistic. However, a few criteria are to be followed to precisely and specify the study related development of Takaful salespeople. Firstly, the article selected is in between ten years, starting with 2021 and below. Secondly, the articles and journals are related to the components and elements of theoretical perspective in Takaful's research area. Lastly, this study covered all articles worldwide but was limited to writing in English and Bahasa only. Further, there is an exclusioncriteria that is non-related with the phenomenon of Takaful. The studies from books, reports, and encyclopedias are excluded from the references (Siddaway et al., 2019).   Figure 3 depicted the research paper on Takaful worldwide for the past ten years from 2011 to 2021. Starting in 2011, the research on Takaful is below 50. However, it is increasing slowly until 2019, with the highest number of studies, with more than 200 papers. Accordingly, in 2021 it is predicted to rise assertively since the statistic is taken in the middle of the year.

The Perspective of Takaful
In the past ten years, many scholars have robustly discourse about Takaful with numerous dimensions and perspectives. Based on the statistic reviewed in the Scopus, many researchers discuss a diverse component in the Takaful context, including organisational commitment, personality traits, ethical behaviour, performance appraisal, and motivation. Sources: Scopus

Organizational Commitment
Organisational commitment established great attention of the previous researcher in Takaful context studies. Systematic literature review showed 24% with 135 papers published on organisational commitment towards Takaful context. The concept of organisational commitment means the willingness of the organisation to make sure the member of the organisation sustain reflect on the interest and effort of the organisation (Djafri, Noordin & Naail Mohammed, 2018). Meanwhile, according to Ko, Jang, and Kim (2021), the individual is loyal to the organisation by spending a significant effort to be permanent in the whole organisation. The organisational commitment is related to the individual's involvement to maintain and remain in the organisation with full attention.
The connection of organisational commitment in the Takaful context is explained by Mohamad and Mutasim (2011). The insurance and Takaful salesperson successfully perform in their career with organisational commitment. The finding shows a significant contribution to the Takaful salespersons because the salespersons' loyalty makes them stay longer in the organisation and perform the task given with full attention. This indicator links with the loyalty that makes individual performance become a victory. Hence, this study highlighted the important of organizational commitment of the Takaful salespersons led to the sustainability of Takaful salespersons, and it received ample attention from the previous researcher (Djafri & Noordin, 2017). Takaful context, specifically on salespersons, improve the commitment among salespersons by loyalty and responsibility in the organizational commitment (Fu, He, & Zhang, 2020). Organizational commitment also played a focal role in the Takaful context, with a spill of interest among scholars designed the organizational commitment to ensure the sustainability of Takaful salespersons. Moreover, in this study, the elements in organizational commitment, namely affective commitment, normative commitment and continuous commitment, helps the remaining of the individual (Mousa & Puhakka, 2019), primarily Takaful salespersons. Thus, this study stressed organizational commitment as an essential element in Takaful salespersons' sustainability because it impacts the Takaful industry.

Personality Traits
The perspective of personality traits flashed comparatively research in the Takaful context between 2011 to 2020, which is 6% of overall papers. Regardless of lacking attention by many researchers, personality traits have a substantial impact on the Takaful context, specifically among salespersons based on the former studies. Personality traits are an individuals' character, on how he behaves, thinks, and feels consistently towards a situation or task (Soto, 2018). It is identified as a form of thought, feeling, and actions influenced by life experience and culture. It is in line with Ling, Zhang, and Wong (2020), which indicated behaviour, motivation, and perception as personality traits. Studies into personality traits have intensified over the last few years across various fields. Many studies have been cutinized the construct of the personality to embrace the elements that affect culminated personality traits is critical for spreading the elements in big five model inclusive extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to be adopted for Takaful salesperson. In this study, framework of the big five models that contain the significant dimensions will contribute to the corpus of knowledge regarding Takaful, especially in salesperson context. Frontiers such as salespersons responsible for one-to-one customer service, service quality, and direct selling are focal in the direct exposure to the customer are considered the validation of personality traits (Soto, 2018). A higher level of personality traits increases individual performance to become excellent. Although personality traits emerging are a new Takaful concept, the framework has been applied in various contexts proved by previous researchers as a significant influencing factor (Janowski, 2018). It revealed that salespersons based on the five personalities fundamental determine the effectiveness of the sales of the insurance. The personality traits make Takaful on the right path for salespersons because the individual's personality represents effective performance. Therefore, this study highlight personality traits as it fosters the salespersons in the Takaful industry to be more productive in dealing with sales performance and direct one to one with the customers (Salleh & Kamaruddin, 2011). The importance of personality traits in the context of Takaful salespersons is undeniable for the effective performance (Isaga, 2018).

Ethical Behaviour
Ethical behaviour became a central focus by earlier academicians and scholars for research in Takaful ten years ago. According to a systematic review conducted between 2011 and 2021, 33% of studies on ethical behaviour were published in the Takaful environment. The statement infers excellent attention among researchers who focus their studies on this area. Ethical behaviour is defined as actions subject to justice, truthfulness, and sincerity enabling the salespersons to have a long and good bonding with the customers (Wijaya, Nasuka, & Hidayat, 2021). Besides, ethical behaviour also refers to stakeholders' engagement relationships such as organizational members, customers and competitors (Fernando, Akter, & Bandara, 2021). The character of honesty in the relationship will lead to loyalty, success and performance. In Takaful, the ethical behaviour among salespersons is focused on the ethical code principle by Life Insurance Association Malaysia (LIAM), which applicable in Takaful (Talha & Arabia, 2014). In the finding investigated by Abdullah et al. (2020), six elements that impact ethical behaviour by Takaful salespersons are sales target pressure, supervisor's influence, competition, self-confidence, role ambiguity and age. This study highlighted attitude and subjective norms as the most significant ethical behaviour indicator in the Takaful context among salespersons. It is worth noticing that ethical behaviour is very focal to the performance of the Takaful company because it reflects the motivation, productivity and commitment of the Takaful salesperson (Aziza, Abdullah, & Hasnizam, 2016). Otherwise, the vital components being studied about ethical behaviour in the Takaful context including perceived behavioural control, subjective norm and attitude (Haron, Ismail, & Razak, 2011) also revealed as the significant contribution to the performance of Takaful salespersons. Salespersons also have a direct interface with the customers, which encourage the loyalty and satisfaction of the customer. Hence, ethical behavioral is worth to be revealed in the perspective of Takaful salespersons since if affect the performance and productivity in Takaful.

Performance Appraisal
The contribution of performance appraisal in the Takaful context is 9% of the total articles issued within the year 2011 to 2021. Zhen-Qi and Guang-Jin, (2021) mention that despite the researchers' attention, it is still infertile because the elements discussed in performance appraisal are yet in scarcity. Performance appraisal is defined as a process of evaluation and review of an individual's performance based on the standard set by the organization (Al-Adamat & Alserhan, 2020) made by superiors. Performance appraisal is essential to guide and train individuals who work in the company and performance quality. In addition, Kesari (2014) pointed out that performance appraisal increases motivation and improves the quality of the sales by recognizing the forte and drawbacks of the insurance salespersons. The literature reviews identify several critical dimensions of performance appraisal, namely recognition awards, training, and allocation of compensation. Besides, performance appraisal can improve attitude, develop knowledge and skills and pursue satisfaction among salespersons (Al-Adamat & Alserhan, 2020). Additionally, Mathur and Paul (2014) stated that the issue of efficiency in performance appraisal is critical for insurance salespeople. Hence, this study exposed that performance appraisal as an important perspective to be covered for develop a salesperson attitude that impact the outcome and performance of Takaful salespersons. Thus, academics, scholars, and researchers in the Takaful environment should focus more on performance appraisal to uncover previously unknown study aspects.

Motivation
It has been revealed that motivation is one of the most frequently explored perspectives by researchers in Takaful, accounting for 28% of all publications published in Scopus and Science Direct between 2011 and 2021. For the last ten years, it showed that authors are interested in investigating the elements of motivation among Takaful salespersons. Motivation is defined as the amount of exertion of salespersons to magnify the task appointed or the activity accomplice with the job and resulted in the performance achievement. Generally, motivation is vast and can be segregated into two dimensions which are internal and external motivation. According to Oztimurlenk (2020), motivation influence the performance of the individual in executing their task. This study discovered that multiples kinds of research fostered intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among Takaful salespersons to achieve excellent information (Salleh et al., 2017). There is some interpretation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, yet it conforms based on the studies' context. Khan, Waqas, and Muneer (2017) defined intrinsic as inner prompted like feeling that drives to complete the task while extrinsic referred to external encouragement such as monetary reward. The motivation plays a vital role for Takaful salespersons because it impacts the performance and outcome among Takaful salespersons (Salleh et al., 2017). Apart from that, the study noticed the importance of motivation reflects to the productivity of Takaful salesperson (Abdullah et al., 2020) that instigate the sustainability of Takaful agents. Therefore, it can be concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is critical to boost sales performance positively in the Takaful context.

View of Theory in Takaful Studies
Agency theory has been adopted in the study done by Evans and Tourish (2017) in the Takaful context, whereby the organisation has monitored the behaviour of the salespersons. It has been indicated that salespersons play a crucial role in managing their self-interest in performing tasks. It is related to Takaful because it involves the salespersons and principal problems, and it bestows effort to minimise the attenuation behaviour by the salespersons (Spencer, 2013). The principal will pay commission to the salespersons and the salespersons work on behalf of the principal. Then the principal monitors the activity of the salespersons accordingly. Therefore, the adoption of this theory in Takaful is imperative because it resulted in Takaful salespersons performance and organisations performance in the Takaful industry (Kallamu & Saat, 2015).
The theory of planned behaviour is the most appropriate and suitable theory to predict purchasing behaviour. The individual habit of adopting Takaful is measured by several elements that have been introduced in theory. Planned behaviour consists of subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioural control. Thus, the benefit from the findings in the Takaful context regarding behavioral develop more theoretical frameworks to promote the Takaful perspective and increase the performance of the Takaful salespersons (Muhamat, Karim, Mainal, Alwi, & Jaafar, 2018).
Meanwhile, Self-determination theory influenced of Takaful salesperson in term of productivity and performance whereby Takaful salesperson highly motivated to achieve succeed. Hence, Salleh et al. (2017) stressed the theory of selfdetermination, which is pertinent for a salesperson in the Takaful industry, to elucidate the motivation context. It is worth noticing that self-determination is very vital to be explored on the perspective of Takaful since it resulted in the performance of Takaful salespersons.
Apart from that, in Takaful context, stakeholder theory reflects the relationship between the employee and salespersons of Takaful with the company. The company's survival is essential as it affects the Takaful business operation and the economy contributed by the company's management, principal, and stakeholders (Muhamat, 2021). The stakeholder theory has a robust, relevant relationship to enhance firm performance with positively associated. The payrolls measure the Takaful salespersons' welfare and happiness, claim, and wages to draw the Takaful salespersons' satisfaction (Nazri et al., 2020) yet Takaful managers' perception regarding the business activities on business performance was emphasised by stakeholder theory. Therefore, stakeholder theory needs to be more revived by the scholars to thoroughly scrutinise the importance of the theory in Takaful context worldly (Muhamat, 2021).
Additionally, it is critical to note that SET encompasses social interaction (Homans, 1958), and according to Arifin and Yazid (2019), there is the social interaction among Takaful salespersons and Takaful participants involving tangible (fiscal) and intangible (assistances) aspects. It is also worth noticing that SET is relatable to the relationship between two parties in Takaful, such as the service provider-customer relationship. Several elements (trusts, loyalty and commitment) involve emotional exchange among Takaful salespersons and clients (Salleh & Abdullah 2014). Therefore, the research incorporated SET into the research framework to analyse the service offered by Takaful salespersons to their clients upon the future behaviour and commitment of the services. Thus, social interaction has been embraced and investigated to obtain a concise explanation for the relationship between Takaful salespeople and clients in the Takaful setting.
Among all the theories discussed, it can be concluded that agency theory is the most comprehensive theory to explain performance and sustainability of Takaful salespersons. The theory elucidates the relationship between agents and principal which in Takaful it refers to salespersons and leader in the course of business. The relationship determines factors such as information asymmetries and goal conflicts with both parties that impact the performance of Takaful salespersons. Salespersons who represent the leader have advantage of additional information towards the Takaful services compared to leader. Therefore, it impacts the performance of the Takaful salespersons during the business. Besides, the relationship between two parties determines the performance of the salespersons; the salespersons who has good relationship with the leader perform well in their performance.

CONCLUSION
In summary, this review paper resolved that the Takaful context has a substantial impact on the country on multiple dimensions. This study has discussed several perspectives: organisational commitment, personality traits, ethical behaviour, performance appraisal articles, and motivation. Many empirical and qualitative studies have recognised the fundamental and essential part in the Takaful context based on their result and findings. Accordingly, the massive contribution to Takaful is emphasised to bloom the Takaful context in the industry. Furthermore, Takaful becomes significant when the scholars vividly develop and test the theories to elucidate the phenomenon. Takaful theoretical perspective also conceded in a broader view worldwide of the diverse research. As for conclusion, study regarding Takaful salesperson still infantile because it is hard to find the study that focus on the performance of salesperson. Most of the researcher focus on the demand and customer perspective. However the important of Takaful salesperson is undeniable since it is the best distribution channel among all (Aziza et al., 2016).
The theory adopted has been used widely in Takaful context but not concentrating on the performance of the Takaful salesperson. Hence, the theory and perspective has been selected based on the Takaful context, particularly on the salesperson. Takaful salesperson. Additionally, it enhances the corpus of knowledge among academician regarding theories and perspective of Takaful context. Besides, the elements in the theories contribute to the understanding of the theories that suits the Takaful context to the academicians. The comprehensive integration theories may be applied by the researchers not only in particular area but also in the context of Takaful.

FUTURE DIRECTION
The Takaful operator and Takaful salespersons encountered various challenges for the Takaful operation in the industry. Consequently, there is a need for future researchers to conduct ample researches on Takaful in multiple fields. Though the studies concealed the variety of disciplines in Takaful between 2011 to 2021, it still lags to describe Takaful context scrupulously. Due to numerous perspectives endure unexplored in this area, there is a potential for further research to gratify the gaps. Firstly, many types of research are conducted on organisational commitment, personality traits, and ethical behaviour. Still, an inclusive model needs to be discussed to illustrate the Takaful salespersons context in multiple provinces. Second, empirical research of the Takaful theoretical perspective and its application in various scenarios should be conducted to obtain robust conclusions. Thirdly, a configuration theory needs to be concluded and summarised, which all essential domains explored in a study of Takaful salespersons for conceptualisation, research framework and hypothesis formulation. Lastly, the Takaful business sustainability needs attention by governance, scholars, and practitioners for the economic benefit since there is an enormous potential of growth Takaful.