Temporal Variation and Pollution Levels of Some Heavy Metals on Irrigated Land Along Airport Road Kano State, Nigeria

Sadiq Mukhtar; Mansur Abdul Mohammed; Rosniza Che Rose Aznie

Sadiq Mukhtar 1. Social, Environmental and Developmental Sustainability Research Centre, (SEEDS) FSSK, National University of Malaysia (UKM) - Malaysia 2. Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences (FEES), Bayero University, Kano - Nigeria
Mansur Abdul Mohammed Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences (FEES), Bayero University, Kano - Nigeria
Rosniza Che Rose Aznie Social, Environmental and Developmental Sustainability Research Centre, (SEEDS) FSSK, National University of Malaysia (UKM) - Malaysia.

Abstract

This paper is aimed at evaluating the concentration of some heavy metals in order to assess the temporal variation, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) of the heavy metals in the soil of the area. Soil samples were collected in two period 2009 and 2015 using composite sampling techniques, 10 samples were collected in each period and then analysed using standard laboratory procedures. The findings revealed that the mean values of Mn (52±7.2), Fe (281±19.4) and Cd (3.0±0.3) were found to be higher in soil sampled in 2009 while, Cu (100±16.3), Zn (161±47.7), Cr (20.8±1.5), Ni (53.9±9.7) and pH (9.0±0.56) were found to be higher in soil sampled in 2015. The CF shows that the soils of the area have low contamination level, moderately contaminated with Cd and the soils have low pollution level according to the PLI. From the finding it was concluded that there is gradual accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni with reduction in Mn, Fe and Cd. The soils have low contamination level with all heavy metal except Cd that moderately contaminates the soil of the area according to contamination factor. The PLI values of the heavy metals in 2009 and 2015 are 0.0006 and 0.02 respectively, indicating increases in pollution load from 2009 to 2015 in the study area. Proper soil management such as increase of pH and organic matter as well as the avoidance of using contaminated water for irrigation were recommended in the area.

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