PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOW-ENERGY ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING HIERARCHY (LEACH) PROTOCOL ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING NS2

Abstract

The Internet has emerged as an indispensable component of contemporary society, facilitating the interconnection of diverse networks and devices. The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in remote deployments is adversely affected by the constraint of low battery power, resulting in a decrease in network lifetime. The implementation of energy-efficient routing techniques is crucial in order to minimise energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolong the lifespan of the WSN as a whole. The objective is to employ NS2 simulation tools for the purpose of simulating the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. This study aims to compare the performance metrics of the LEACH protocol with the Ad-hoc On Demand Vector (AODV) routing protocol in WSNs. Additionally, the study seeks to investigate the LEACH protocol in the context of WSNs. This study encompasses problem identification, design and implementation, simulation utilising Network Simulator 2 (NS2), and performance evaluation. The objective of this project is to tackle issues inside WSNs by assessing performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay in order to determine the optimal path. The LEACH protocol exhibits superior performance compared to the AODV protocol. The LEACH protocol demonstrates superior average throughput, a more consistent packet delivery ratio, and lower end-to-end delay as the number of nodes increases in comparison to the AODV protocol. Cluster-based routing algorithms are widely employed in WSNs to enhance energy efficiency, network stability, and overall network lifespan. The LEACH technique holds significant importance within this particular area. Cluster-based routing methods are widely employed in WSNs to enhance energy efficiency, stability, and network longevity. The LEACH technique holds significant importance within this particular area.