KETAHANAN KOMUNITI MANGSA BENCANA BANJIR DI PANTAI TIMUR SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DALAM KONTEKS MODAL KOMUNITI [COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AMONG FLOOD VICTIMS IN THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY CAPITALS]

Abstract

Flood is a routine disaster encountered by the people in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. However, there were no specific studies that observed the elements of community resilience by which a strategy can be drawn up to help disaster victims. With this in mind, this study was conducted to explain the reality of community resilience in the context of community capitals. A total of 361 heads of household (HoH) from three states of Malaysia, namely Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan were selected as research subjects by using the purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed by means of the descriptive and inferential statistics (MANOVA and ANOVA). The analysis reveals three main findings: i) The level of community resilience among respondents is mostly moderate for three dimensions of community resilience; ii) the differentiation of community resilience according to different community capitals; and iii) the differentiation of community resilience based on different states (Roy’s Largest Root = 0.04, F (4.516) = 3.00, p <0.004), with respondents from Kelantan showing the highest result in dimensions of recovery (df = 2, 80.846, P = .037 <.05). This paper provides three key recommendations based on the findings: i) the need to enhance the existing capacity of community capitals; ii) to emancipate ‘social routines’; and iii) to encompass the other community capitals for the future research.

Keywords: Community resilience, community capital, flood disaster, social routine, capacity building.

Cite as: Amir Zal, W.A. (2018). Ketahanan komuniti mangsa bencana banjir di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia dalam konteks modal komuniti [Community resilience among flood victims in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia in the context of community capitals]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2),41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp41-53

ABSTRAK

Bencana banjir merupakan bencana rutin yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Namun demikian, tidak ada kajian khusus yang meneliti elemen ketahanan komuniti yang mana melaluinya boleh dirangka strategi untuk membantu mangsa bencana tersebut. Berasaskan permasalahan tersebut, makalah memberi tumpuan untuk menjelaskan realiti ketahanan komuniti dalam konteks modal komuniti. Kajian telah dilaksanakan di tiga buah negeri, iaitu negeri Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan. Seramai 361 ketua isi rumah (KIR) telah dilibatkan sebagai subjek kajian yang dipilih dengan menggunakan pensampelan bertujuan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferens (MANOVA dan ANOVA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga penemuan utama, iaitu: i) tahap ketahanan komuniti responden kebanyakannya adalah pada tahap sederhana bagi tiga dimensi ketahanan komuniti berbeza; ii) berbezanya ketahanan komuniti mengikut modal komuniti yang berbeza;  dan iii) berbezanya ketahanan komuniti dari negeri yang berbeza (Roy’s Largest Root= 0.04, F(4.516)= 3.00, p<0.004), yang mana responden negeri Kelantan paling tinggi dalam dimensi pemulihan (df= 2, 80.846, P= .037< .05). Makalah ini memberikan tiga cadangan utama berasaskan hasil kajian tersebut, iaitu: i) ditingkatkan kapasiti modal komuniti sedia ada; ii) memurnikan ‘rutin sosial’; dan iii) melibatkan lain-lain modal komuniti untuk kajian di masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Ketahanan komuniti, modal komuniti, bencana banjir, rutin sosial, peningkatan kapasiti.