PENELITIAN LAKUAN BAHASA PUJIAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI SILANG BUDAYA PELANCONGAN MALAYSIA
[EXAMINING THE COMPLIMENTARY SPEECH ACT IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN MALAYSIAN TOURISM]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss1pp23-48Abstract
Pujian merupakan salah satu lakuan bahasa yang dikenal pasti berupaya melancarkan komunikasi. Namun sekiranya diujarkan dalam komunikasi silang budaya, ianya bukan hanya berbeza dari pengaplikasiannya malah berbeza dari segi penyampaian, kekerapan dan fungsinya. Objektif kajian ialah meneliti lakuan bahasa pujian dalam bahasa Jepun oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia berbahasa Jepun terhadap pelancong Jepun di sepanjang sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif daripada data rakaman audio, visual dan catatan pemerhatian terhadap interaksi empat orang pemandu pelancong berbangsa Melayu menggunakan bahasa Jepun semasa berinteraksi dengan 12 orang pelancong Jepun pada empat set sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan pakej Free Independence Travellers (FIT). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pengujaran pujian dari segi fungsi, strategi dan penggunaan topik adalah bertepatan dengan budaya sasaran walaupun dalam konteks pertembungan budaya. Walau bagaimanapun, corak maklum balas terhadap pengujaran pujian oleh pelancong Jepun didapati melangkaui dan tidak menepati norma dan aturan sosial yang sepatutnya dalam budaya Jepun. Pengujaran pujian yang diaplikasikan dalam konteks silang budaya ini walaupun bercanggahan dengan norma budaya, ia tidak cenderung ke arah tercetusnya konflik. Kajian ini memberi pendedahan berkenaan pengujaran pujian yang seharusnya kepada para pemandu pelancong semasa mengendalikan sesi lawatan kerana dengan pengujaran pujian yang bersesuaian akan dapat meningkatkan lagi kelancaran komunikasi yang menggunakan medium bahasa Jepun. Kajian ini diharapkan akan menjadi rujukan kepada mereka yang terlibat dalam pendidikan bahasa Jepun untuk pelancongan dan menjadi panduan dalam meningkatkan penguasaan komunikasi silang budaya.
Kata kunci: Lakuan bahasa pujian, pemanduan pelancongan, pemandu pelancong, pelancong Jepun, pujian.
ABSTRACT
A compliment, as one of the speech acts, is capable of enhancing communication fluency. However, if a compliment is expressed in the context of cross-cultural communication, it not only differs in its application, but it also varies in terms of its delivery, frequency and function. This study examined the complimentary speech act applied in the Japanese language of four Japanese-speaking Malaysian tour guides when interacting with Japanese tourists. As a qualitative study, the data were collected through audio, visual and observational notes on the interaction of the tour guides while communicating with 12 Japanese tourists during a series of four guided tours, as part of a Free Independence Travel (FIT) package. The findings of this study have shown that the complimentary speech act in terms of its function, strategy, and choice of topic of the tour guides was accurate for the target culture. Although, the response patterns of the Japanese tourists towards the complimentary speech in these interactions did not meet the expectations of the researcher given they failed to conform to the expected norms and social rules of Japanese culture. However, while the complimentary speech applied in this cross-cultural context was contradictory to or beyond the cultural norms as expected, it nevertheless did not lead to conflicts. Accordingly, this study provides exposure on the utterance of complementary speech used by Japanese-speaking tour guides when interacting with Japanese tourists while visiting Malaysia, which will enhance the fluency and delivery of cross-cultural communication using the Japanese language medium. Further, it is anticipated that this study will act as an educational reference and guide in the Japanese language for tourism to enhance the cross-cultural communication skills of Japanese-speaking tour guides in Malaysia.
Keywords: Compliments, compliment speech act, guided tour session, Japanese tourist, tour guide.
Cite as: Abdul Rashid, R., Masutani, S., Mansor, N. R., Mamat, R., Chua Abdullah, N. A., & Zakaria, R. (2019). Penelitian lakuan bahasa pujian dalam komunikasi silang budaya pelancongan Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(1), 23-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss1pp23-48
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