PENELITIAN LAKUAN BAHASA PUJIAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI SILANG BUDAYA PELANCONGAN MALAYSIA
[EXAMINING THE COMPLIMENTARY SPEECH ACT IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION DURING MALAYSIAN TOURISM]
Abstract
Pujian merupakan salah satu lakuan bahasa yang dikenal pasti berupaya melancarkan komunikasi. Namun sekiranya diujarkan dalam komunikasi silang budaya, ianya bukan hanya berbeza dari pengaplikasiannya malah berbeza dari segi penyampaian, kekerapan dan fungsinya. Objektif kajian ialah meneliti lakuan bahasa pujian dalam bahasa Jepun oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia berbahasa Jepun terhadap pelancong Jepun di sepanjang sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif daripada data rakaman audio, visual dan catatan pemerhatian terhadap interaksi empat orang pemandu pelancong berbangsa Melayu menggunakan bahasa Jepun semasa berinteraksi dengan 12 orang pelancong Jepun pada empat set sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan pakej Free Independence Travellers (FIT). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pengujaran pujian dari segi fungsi, strategi dan penggunaan topik adalah bertepatan dengan budaya sasaran walaupun dalam konteks pertembungan budaya. Walau bagaimanapun, corak maklum balas terhadap pengujaran pujian oleh pelancong Jepun didapati melangkaui dan tidak menepati norma dan aturan sosial yang sepatutnya dalam budaya Jepun. Pengujaran pujian yang diaplikasikan dalam konteks silang budaya ini walaupun bercanggahan dengan norma budaya, ia tidak cenderung ke arah tercetusnya konflik. Kajian ini memberi pendedahan berkenaan pengujaran pujian yang seharusnya kepada para pemandu pelancong semasa mengendalikan sesi lawatan kerana dengan pengujaran pujian yang bersesuaian akan dapat meningkatkan lagi kelancaran komunikasi yang menggunakan medium bahasa Jepun. Kajian ini diharapkan akan menjadi rujukan kepada mereka yang terlibat dalam pendidikan bahasa Jepun untuk pelancongan dan menjadi panduan dalam meningkatkan penguasaan komunikasi silang budaya.
Kata kunci: Lakuan bahasa pujian, pemanduan pelancongan, pemandu pelancong, pelancong Jepun, pujian.
ABSTRACT
A compliment is one of the speech acts that has been identified as being able to enhance communication fluency. However, if the compliment is uttered in the context of cross-cultural communication, it is not only different in its application, but also different in its way of delivery, frequency and function. This study examines the complimentary speech act used in the Japanese language of Japanese-speaking Malaysian tour guides when used towards Japanese tourists throughout their guided tour sessions. This study is a qualitative study and the data were collected through audio, visual and observational notes on the interaction of four Malay tour guides when using the Japanese language while interacting with 12 Japanese tourists during four sets of guided tours, as part of a Free Independence Travel (FIT) package. The findings show that the complimentary speech in terms of the function, strategy, and topic choice by the tour guides is accurate for the target culture. However, the response patterns by the Japanese tourists towards the complimentary speech in this cultural encounter were beyond and did not conform to the supposed norms and social rules of Japanese culture. Although the complimentary speech that was applied in this cross-cultural context was contradictory to or beyond the cultural norms, it nevertheless did not lead to conflicts. This study provides exposure on the utterance of complementary speech used by tour guides during the course of the tour visits because this will enhance the smoothness in the flow of cross-cultural communication using the medium of the Japanese language. This research is hoped to act as a reference in Japanese language education for tourism as a guide to enhance the cross-cultural communication skills of Japanese-speaking tour guides in Malaysia.
Keywords: Compliments, compliment speech act, guided tour session, Japanese tourist, tour guide.
Cite as: Abdul Rashid, R., Masutani, S., Mansor, N. R., Mamat, R., Chua Abdullah, N. A., & Zakaria, R. (2019). Penelitian lakuan bahasa pujian dalam komunikasi silang budaya pelancongan Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(1), 23-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss1pp23-48
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