The Effect of Extraction Solvents on Chemical Profile of Stingless Bee Propolis, Trigona Apicalis

Authors

  • Sarah Sofea Mohd Salleh Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Ismie Eliya Ismail Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Nadhirah Aisyah Mohd Nizam Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Nur Syahirah Mohd Fudzi Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Putri Nur Afrina Maidatul Afzanniza Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Muhammad Zakhwan Azwadi Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Sarah Laila Mohd Jan Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Liliwirianis Nawi Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Ainur Awanis Mohd Badiazaman Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2026.11.2.497

Abstract

Propolis is a resinous hive product is known for its diverse biological activities, which are largely attributed to its complex phytochemical composition. The present study aims to investigate the influence of different extraction solvents on the chemical profile of stingless bee propolis, Trigona apicalis. Propolis samples was subjected to maceration using different polarity solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The resulting extract were characterized via Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. UV-Vis analysis revealed distinct chromophore patterns across the 200–500 nm range. The aromatic chemicals are represented by peaks at range 260–280 nm whereas flavonoids and phenolic structures are identified by peaks at the region 300–380 nm. Additionally, FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated a comprehensive fingerprint of functional groups including O-H stretching, C=C aromatic stretching and C=O stretching vibrations. These spectroscopic data highlight significant compositional variations in polyphenols, flavonoids, and lipids based on the solvent used, reflecting the importance of solvent selection in optimizing the extraction of bioactive constituents.

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Published

2026-10-31

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Malaysian Journal of Applied Science

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

The Effect of Extraction Solvents on Chemical Profile of Stingless Bee Propolis, Trigona Apicalis. (2026). Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(2), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2026.11.2.497