Perceived correlation between communication styles and interpersonal conflict resolution among international students in Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss2pp354-374Abstract
Background and Purpose: A good and fulfilling relationship among individuals from distinct cultural backgrounds depends on effective communication. This research examined the perceived relationship between communication styles and interpersonal conflict resolution among international students in Malaysian universities.
Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional survey in which self-developed structured questionnaires were used to gather data from a random sample of 324 international students in 15 higher institutions across Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The findings of this study revealed a significant positive relationship between communication styles and interpersonal conflict resolution among international students. Specifically, passive, passive-aggressive, and assertive communication styles have a significant positive relationship with conflict resolution. However, the aggressive communication style exerts an insignificant effect on conflict resolution with a t-value of 0.734 and a P-value of 0.463. Thus, the students generally believe this style does not help to resolve interpersonal conflict. These outcomes suggest the students’ readiness for cultivating a peaceful learning environment.
Contributions: This study provides relevant information that can help educational decision-makers to strengthen cross-cultural collaboration among international students in the Malaysian context. This valuable information can also facilitate successful academic, professional, and social cooperation.
Keywords: Cross-cultural relationship, interpersonal conflict resolution, communication styles, international students, Malaysia.
References
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Afifi, T. D., Davis, S., Merrill, A. F., Coveleski, S., Denes, A., & Shahnazi, A. F. (2018). Couples’ communication about financial uncertainty following the
great recession and its association with stress, mental health and divorce proneness. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 39(2), 205-219.
Agarwal, U. A. (2019). Impact of supervisors’ perceived communication style on subordinate psychological capital and cyberloafing. Australasian
Journal of Information Systems, 23(12), 1-27.
Akgun, S., & Araz, A. (2014). The effects of conflict resolution education on conflict resolution skills, social competence, and aggression in Turkish
elementary school students. Journal of Peace Education, 11(1), 30-45.
Alavi, M., & Mansor, S. M. S. (2011). Categories of problems among international students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 30(1), 1581-1587.
Amsler, L. B., Martinez, J., & Smith, S. E. (2020). Dispute system design: Preventing, managing, and resolving conflict. Stanford University Press.
Anderson, C. M., & Banerjee, M. (2010). Aggressive communication and conflict in small groups. In Arguments, aggression, and conflict (pp. 327-339).
Routledge.
Aureli, F., Cords, M., & Van Schaik, C. P. (2002). Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: A predictive framework. Animal
Behaviour, 64(3), 325-343.
Bazzi, S., Blair, R. A., Blattman, C., Dube, O., Gudgeon, M., & Peck, R. (2022). The promise and pitfalls of conflict prediction: evidence from Colombia
and Indonesia. Review of Economics and Statistics, 104(4), 764-779.
Bernecker, K., Ghassemi, M., & Brandstätter, V. (2019). Approach and avoidance relationship goals and couples’ nonverbal communication during
conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(3), 622-636.
Biçer, C. (2020). Shedding crocodile tears: How to deal with passive-aggressive employees at workplaces? Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 669-679.
Bocar, A. C. (2017). Aggressive, passive, and assertive: Which communication style is commonly used by college students?
https://ssrn.com/abstract=2956807
Chandra, S., Mohammadnezhad, M., & Ward, P. (2018). Trust and communication in a doctor-patient relationship: A literature review. Journal of Health
Communication, 3(3), 1-6.
Chebotareva, E. Y., & Volk, M. I. (2020). Life and family values similarity in inter-ethnic and inter-faith couples. Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 1-14.
Chen, X.-P., & Cole, B. M. (2022). Achieving mutual understanding without saying a word: The conceptualisation of moqi and a nomological network.
Management and Organization Review, 19(1), 3-31.
Crews, E.-R., Brouwers, M., & Visagie, J. C. (2019). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on communication styles. Journal of
Psychology in Africa, 29(5), 421-428.
Darics, E., & Koller, V. (2019). Social actors “to go”: An analytical toolkit to explore agency in business discourse and communication. Business and
Professional Communication Quarterly, 82(2), 214-238.
Dehisat, M. M., & Awang, Z. (2020). Exploring items and developing instruments for measuring organisational performance among small medium
enterprises in Jordan. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(6), 51-57.
Dhillon, N., & Kaur, G. (2021). Self-assessment of teachers’ communication style and its impact on their communication effectiveness: A study of
Indian higher educational institutions. SAGE Open, 11(2), 1-13.
Duck, S., & Miell, D. (2021). Charting the development of personal relationships. In The emerging field of personal relationships (pp. 133-143).
Routledge.
Flora, D. B. (2020). Your coefficient alpha is probably wrong, but which coefficient omega is right? A tutorial on using R to obtain better reliability
estimates. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 484-501.
Furlong, G. T. (2020). The conflict resolution toolbox: Models and maps for analysing, diagnosing, and resolving conflict. John Wiley & Sons.
Griggio, C. F., Nouwens, M., McGrenere, J., & Mackay, W. E. (2019). Augmenting couples' communication with lifelines: Shared timelines of mixed
contextual information. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 623(1), 1-13.
Guerrero, L. K., La Valley, A. G., & Farinelli, L. (2008). The experience and expression of anger, guilt, and sadness in marriage: An equity theory
explanation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(5), 699-724.
Hassan, I., Gamji, M. B., Nasidi, Q. Y., & Azmi, M. N. L. (2021). Web 2.0-based learning and the challenges of culture shock among international
students in Cyprus. Asian People Journal, 4(1), 205-213.
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Babin, B., & Black, W. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Pearson.
Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., Craw, E. S., & Jones, H. E. (2021). Blended work/life relationships: Organizational communication involving workplace peers,
friends, and lovers. Communication Research Trends, 40(2-3), 1-46.
International Consultants for Education and Fairs. (2023). Malaysia exceeds target for new international student applications in 2022.
https://monitor.icef.com/2023/02/malaysia-exceeds-target-for-new-international-student-applications-in-2022/
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610.
Kyriazi, Z. (2018). From identification of compatibilities and conflicts to reaching marine spatial allocation agreements. Review of actions required and
relevant tools and processes. Ocean & Coastal Management, 166(1), 103-112.
Lamberti, A. P., & Richards, A. R. (2019). Communication and conflict studies: Disciplinary connections, research directions. Springer Nature.
Lim, J. H., & Yazdanifard, R. (2012). The difference of conflict management styles and conflict resolution in workplace. Business & Entrepreneurship
Journal, 1(1), 141-155.
Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex &
Marital Therapy, 31(5), 409-424.
Liu, E., & Roloff, M. E. (2015). Exhausting silence: Emotional costs of withholding complaints. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 8(1), 25-
40.
Maloney, M. E., & Moore, P. (2020). From aggressive to assertive. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 6(1), 46-49.
Mahmud, Z., Amat, S., Rahman, S., & Ishak, N. M. (2010). Challenges for international students in Malaysia: Culture, climate and care. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 289-293.
Mikkelson, A. C., & Sloan, D. (2020). The expression of supervisor dominance and employee outcomes. Communication Quarterly, 68(3), 265-288.
Musheke, M. M., & Phiri, J. (2021). The effects of effective communication on organisational performance based on the systems theory. Open Journal
of Business and Management, 9(2), 659-671.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Abdulkadir, J., & Garba, M. (2022a). Analyzing the mediating effect of social media on online shopping using Partial Least
Square. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(2), 1-9.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Garba, M., Hafiz, U. A., & Hassan, I. (2022b). The mediating role of advertisement in the relationship between social media
and online risk and its effect on online shopping habits. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 15(4), 743-758.
Nurullayevna, S. N. (2020). The key of effective communication is pronunciation. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 1(4),
5-7.
O’Sullivan, P. B., & Carr, C. T. (2018). Mass personal communication: A model bridging the mass-interpersonal divide. New Media & Society, 20(3), 1161-
1180.
Ogunyemi, K. O., & Olagbaju, O. O. (2020). Effects of assertive and aggressive communication styles on students’ self-esteem and achievement in the
English Language. Cross-Cultural Communication, 16(1), 96-101.
Pallant, J. (2011). Survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Open University Press.
Pipas, M. D., & Jaradat, M. (2010). Assertive communication skills. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica, 12(2), 649-656.
Pooja, B. (2013). English for employability - A challenge for ELT faculty. Research Journal of English Language and Literature, 1(3), 350-353.
Raslie, H. (2021). Gen Y and Gen Z communication style. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(1), 1-18.
Reavey, B., Puzakova, M., Larsen Andras, T., & Kwak, H. (2018). The multidimensionality of anthropomorphism in advertising: The moderating roles of
cognitive busyness and assertive language. International Journal of Advertising, 37(3), 440-462.
Reiter, M. J., & Gee, C. B. (2008). Open communication and partner support in intercultural and interfaith romantic relationships: A relational
maintenance approach. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(4), 539-559.
Rubin, R. B., Palmgreen, P., & Sypher, H. E. (2020). Communicator style measure. In Communication research measures (pp. 134-141). Routledge.
Ruppel, E. K., Cherney, M. R., Quinn, S. F., & Richards, R. J. (2021). Effects of mediated communication on conflict behaviour, resolution, and affect in
romantic couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(12), 3633-3645.
Sallee, A. M. (2018). Effective communication and conflict resolution. https://nursekey.com/effective-communication-and-conflict-resolution/
Sasaei, M., Pourmousa, R., & Mashinchi, M. (2022). Monitoring mean and variability by Gini chart for skew-normal distributed data. Scientia Iranica,
29(2), 883-893.
Shahzad, K., Ali, T., Kohtamäki, M., & Takala, J. (2020). Enabling roles of relationship governance mechanisms in the choice of inter-firm conflict
resolution strategies. The Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(6), 957-969.
Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and possibilities in close male relationships. In The making of masculinities (pp. 213-239). Routledge.
Shkeer, A. S., & Awang, Z. (2019). Exploring the items for measuring the marketing information system construct: An exploratory factor analysis.
International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 87-97.
Shrivastava, A. (2021). Revising and validating scale to measure communication effectiveness in Indian organisations. International Journal of Indian
Culture and Business Management, 22(3), 309-325.
Sifianou, M. (2019). Conflict, disagreement and (im) politeness. In The Routledge handbook of language in conflict (pp. 176-195). Routledge.
Sims, C. M. (2017). Do the big-five personality traits predict empathic listening and assertive communication? International Journal of Listening, 31(3),
163-188.
Smith, S. W., Daunic, A. P., Miller, M. D., & Robinson, T. R. (2002). Conflict resolution and peer mediation in middle schools: Extending the process and
outcome knowledge base. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(5), 567-586.
Singh, J. K. N. (2021). Academic resilience among international students: Lived experiences of postgraduate international students in Malaysia. Asia
Pacific Education Review, 22(1), 129-138.
Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2020). Helping couples in the shadow of COVID‐19. Family Process, 59(3), 937-955.
Tabassi, A. A., Abdullah, A., & Bryde, D. J. (2019). Conflict management, team coordination, and performance within multicultural temporary projects:
Evidence from the construction industry. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 101-114.
Tang, M. J., & Chan, E. T. (2021). The impact of online social networking (social media) on interpersonal communication and relationships. In
Intelligent computing (pp. 624-640). Springer.
Trant, A. A., Szekely, B., Mougalian, S. S., DiGiovanna, M. P., Sanft, T., Hofstatter, E., . . . Killelea, B. (2019). The impact of communication style on patient
satisfaction. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 176(2), 349-356.
Tripathy, M. (2018). Assertiveness - A win-win approach to business communication. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 12(2), 48-56.
Wakaba, S. T. (2017). Communication, conflict resolution and financial unity among married couples from churches in Makadara Constituency, Kenya.
United States International University-Africa.
Yahya, S., & Boag, S. (2014). “My family would crucify me!”: The perceived influence of social pressure on cross-cultural and interfaith dating and
marriage. Sexuality & Culture, 18(4), 759-772.
Afifi, T. D., Davis, S., Merrill, A. F., Coveleski, S., Denes, A., & Shahnazi, A. F. (2018). Couples’ communication about financial uncertainty following the
great recession and its association with stress, mental health and divorce proneness. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 39(2), 205-219.
Agarwal, U. A. (2019). Impact of supervisors’ perceived communication style on subordinate psychological capital and cyberloafing. Australasian
Journal of Information Systems, 23(12), 1-27.
Akgun, S., & Araz, A. (2014). The effects of conflict resolution education on conflict resolution skills, social competence, and aggression in Turkish
elementary school students. Journal of Peace Education, 11(1), 30-45.
Alavi, M., & Mansor, S. M. S. (2011). Categories of problems among international students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 30(1), 1581-1587.
Amsler, L. B., Martinez, J., & Smith, S. E. (2020). Dispute system design: Preventing, managing, and resolving conflict. Stanford University Press.
Anderson, C. M., & Banerjee, M. (2010). Aggressive communication and conflict in small groups. In Arguments, aggression, and conflict (pp. 327-339).
Routledge.
Aureli, F., Cords, M., & Van Schaik, C. P. (2002). Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: A predictive framework. Animal
Behaviour, 64(3), 325-343.
Bazzi, S., Blair, R. A., Blattman, C., Dube, O., Gudgeon, M., & Peck, R. (2022). The promise and pitfalls of conflict prediction: evidence from Colombia
and Indonesia. Review of Economics and Statistics, 104(4), 764-779.
Bernecker, K., Ghassemi, M., & Brandstätter, V. (2019). Approach and avoidance relationship goals and couples’ nonverbal communication during
conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(3), 622-636.
Biçer, C. (2020). Shedding crocodile tears: How to deal with passive-aggressive employees at workplaces? Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 669-679.
Bocar, A. C. (2017). Aggressive, passive, and assertive: Which communication style is commonly used by college students?
https://ssrn.com/abstract=2956807
Chandra, S., Mohammadnezhad, M., & Ward, P. (2018). Trust and communication in a doctor-patient relationship: A literature review. Journal of Health
Communication, 3(3), 1-6.
Chebotareva, E. Y., & Volk, M. I. (2020). Life and family values similarity in inter-ethnic and inter-faith couples. Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 1-14.
Chen, X.-P., & Cole, B. M. (2022). Achieving mutual understanding without saying a word: The conceptualisation of moqi and a nomological network.
Management and Organization Review, 19(1), 3-31.
Crews, E.-R., Brouwers, M., & Visagie, J. C. (2019). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on communication styles. Journal of
Psychology in Africa, 29(5), 421-428.
Darics, E., & Koller, V. (2019). Social actors “to go”: An analytical toolkit to explore agency in business discourse and communication. Business and
Professional Communication Quarterly, 82(2), 214-238.
Dehisat, M. M., & Awang, Z. (2020). Exploring items and developing instruments for measuring organisational performance among small medium
enterprises in Jordan. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(6), 51-57.
Dhillon, N., & Kaur, G. (2021). Self-assessment of teachers’ communication style and its impact on their communication effectiveness: A study of
Indian higher educational institutions. SAGE Open, 11(2), 1-13.
Duck, S., & Miell, D. (2021). Charting the development of personal relationships. In The emerging field of personal relationships (pp. 133-143).
Routledge.
Flora, D. B. (2020). Your coefficient alpha is probably wrong, but which coefficient omega is right? A tutorial on using R to obtain better reliability
estimates. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 484-501.
Furlong, G. T. (2020). The conflict resolution toolbox: Models and maps for analysing, diagnosing, and resolving conflict. John Wiley & Sons.
Griggio, C. F., Nouwens, M., McGrenere, J., & Mackay, W. E. (2019). Augmenting couples' communication with lifelines: Shared timelines of mixed
contextual information. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 623(1), 1-13.
Guerrero, L. K., La Valley, A. G., & Farinelli, L. (2008). The experience and expression of anger, guilt, and sadness in marriage: An equity theory
explanation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(5), 699-724.
Hassan, I., Gamji, M. B., Nasidi, Q. Y., & Azmi, M. N. L. (2021). Web 2.0-based learning and the challenges of culture shock among international
students in Cyprus. Asian People Journal, 4(1), 205-213.
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Babin, B., & Black, W. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Pearson.
Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., Craw, E. S., & Jones, H. E. (2021). Blended work/life relationships: Organizational communication involving workplace peers,
friends, and lovers. Communication Research Trends, 40(2-3), 1-46.
International Consultants for Education and Fairs. (2023). Malaysia exceeds target for new international student applications in 2022.
https://monitor.icef.com/2023/02/malaysia-exceeds-target-for-new-international-student-applications-in-2022/
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610.
Kyriazi, Z. (2018). From identification of compatibilities and conflicts to reaching marine spatial allocation agreements. Review of actions required and
relevant tools and processes. Ocean & Coastal Management, 166(1), 103-112.
Lamberti, A. P., & Richards, A. R. (2019). Communication and conflict studies: Disciplinary connections, research directions. Springer Nature.
Lim, J. H., & Yazdanifard, R. (2012). The difference of conflict management styles and conflict resolution in workplace. Business & Entrepreneurship
Journal, 1(1), 141-155.
Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex &
Marital Therapy, 31(5), 409-424.
Liu, E., & Roloff, M. E. (2015). Exhausting silence: Emotional costs of withholding complaints. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 8(1), 25-
40.
Maloney, M. E., & Moore, P. (2020). From aggressive to assertive. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 6(1), 46-49.
Mahmud, Z., Amat, S., Rahman, S., & Ishak, N. M. (2010). Challenges for international students in Malaysia: Culture, climate and care. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 289-293.
Mikkelson, A. C., & Sloan, D. (2020). The expression of supervisor dominance and employee outcomes. Communication Quarterly, 68(3), 265-288.
Musheke, M. M., & Phiri, J. (2021). The effects of effective communication on organisational performance based on the systems theory. Open Journal
of Business and Management, 9(2), 659-671.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Abdulkadir, J., & Garba, M. (2022a). Analyzing the mediating effect of social media on online shopping using Partial Least
Square. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(2), 1-9.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Garba, M., Hafiz, U. A., & Hassan, I. (2022b). The mediating role of advertisement in the relationship between social media
and online risk and its effect on online shopping habits. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 15(4), 743-758.
Nurullayevna, S. N. (2020). The key of effective communication is pronunciation. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 1(4),
5-7.
O’Sullivan, P. B., & Carr, C. T. (2018). Mass personal communication: A model bridging the mass-interpersonal divide. New Media & Society, 20(3), 1161-
1180.
Ogunyemi, K. O., & Olagbaju, O. O. (2020). Effects of assertive and aggressive communication styles on students’ self-esteem and achievement in the
English Language. Cross-Cultural Communication, 16(1), 96-101.
Pallant, J. (2011). Survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Open University Press.
Pipas, M. D., & Jaradat, M. (2010). Assertive communication skills. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica, 12(2), 649-656.
Pooja, B. (2013). English for employability - A challenge for ELT faculty. Research Journal of English Language and Literature, 1(3), 350-353.
Raslie, H. (2021). Gen Y and Gen Z communication style. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(1), 1-18.
Reavey, B., Puzakova, M., Larsen Andras, T., & Kwak, H. (2018). The multidimensionality of anthropomorphism in advertising: The moderating roles of
cognitive busyness and assertive language. International Journal of Advertising, 37(3), 440-462.
Reiter, M. J., & Gee, C. B. (2008). Open communication and partner support in intercultural and interfaith romantic relationships: A relational
maintenance approach. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(4), 539-559.
Rubin, R. B., Palmgreen, P., & Sypher, H. E. (2020). Communicator style measure. In Communication research measures (pp. 134-141). Routledge.
Ruppel, E. K., Cherney, M. R., Quinn, S. F., & Richards, R. J. (2021). Effects of mediated communication on conflict behaviour, resolution, and affect in
romantic couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(12), 3633-3645.
Sallee, A. M. (2018). Effective communication and conflict resolution. https://nursekey.com/effective-communication-and-conflict-resolution/
Sasaei, M., Pourmousa, R., & Mashinchi, M. (2022). Monitoring mean and variability by Gini chart for skew-normal distributed data. Scientia Iranica,
29(2), 883-893.
Shahzad, K., Ali, T., Kohtamäki, M., & Takala, J. (2020). Enabling roles of relationship governance mechanisms in the choice of inter-firm conflict
resolution strategies. The Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(6), 957-969.
Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and possibilities in close male relationships. In The making of masculinities (pp. 213-239). Routledge.
Shkeer, A. S., & Awang, Z. (2019). Exploring the items for measuring the marketing information system construct: An exploratory factor analysis.
International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 87-97.
Shrivastava, A. (2021). Revising and validating scale to measure communication effectiveness in Indian organisations. International Journal of Indian
Culture and Business Management, 22(3), 309-325.
Sifianou, M. (2019). Conflict, disagreement and (im) politeness. In The Routledge handbook of language in conflict (pp. 176-195). Routledge.
Sims, C. M. (2017). Do the big-five personality traits predict empathic listening and assertive communication? International Journal of Listening, 31(3),
163-188.
Smith, S. W., Daunic, A. P., Miller, M. D., & Robinson, T. R. (2002). Conflict resolution and peer mediation in middle schools: Extending the process and
outcome knowledge base. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(5), 567-586.
Singh, J. K. N. (2021). Academic resilience among international students: Lived experiences of postgraduate international students in Malaysia. Asia
Pacific Education Review, 22(1), 129-138.
Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2020). Helping couples in the shadow of COVID‐19. Family Process, 59(3), 937-955.
Tabassi, A. A., Abdullah, A., & Bryde, D. J. (2019). Conflict management, team coordination, and performance within multicultural temporary projects:
Evidence from the construction industry. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 101-114.
Tang, M. J., & Chan, E. T. (2021). The impact of online social networking (social media) on interpersonal communication and relationships. In
Intelligent computing (pp. 624-640). Springer.
Trant, A. A., Szekely, B., Mougalian, S. S., DiGiovanna, M. P., Sanft, T., Hofstatter, E., . . . Killelea, B. (2019). The impact of communication style on patient
satisfaction. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 176(2), 349-356.
Tripathy, M. (2018). Assertiveness - A win-win approach to business communication. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 12(2), 48-56.
Wakaba, S. T. (2017). Communication, conflict resolution and financial unity among married couples from churches in Makadara Constituency, Kenya.
United States International University-Africa.
Yahya, S., & Boag, S. (2014). “My family would crucify me!”: The perceived influence of social pressure on cross-cultural and interfaith dating and
marriage. Sexuality & Culture, 18(4), 759-772.
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2023-06-30
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Perceived correlation between communication styles and interpersonal conflict resolution among international students in Malaysia. (2023). Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 8(2), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss2pp354-374
