[The Shariah-Derived Models of Medical Interactions between Healthcare Professionals and Patients] Model Interaksi Perubatan Patuh Syariah antara Petugas Kesihatan dan Pesakit
Abstract
The Shariah-Derived Models of Medical Interactions between Healthcare Professionals and Patients are interaction/ relationship models constructed and reviewed from the religious perspective, Islamic jurisprudence in particular. The models were constructed based on various aspects pertaining to the healthcare professionals who provide the medical services or treatment, the patient-client who seeks for the treatment or consultations, involvement of a third party, the form of agreement involving all related parties, and the related Islamic rulings. The rulings were derived from the five basic rules pertaining to the actions and interactions of a person (al-ahkam ash-shar’iyyah al-taklifiyyah). The models were classified based on types of contracts involved, the profitability of the service rendered, as well as the related Islamic rulings. The interactions/ relationships are summarized into four models; Model A - Charitable Work/ Non-Profit Based, Model B - Profit Based, Model C - Civil Servant, and Model D - Private Employee/ Practice. Providing medical services is indeed a noble obligation. It involves certain requirements and principles in relation to the religious rulings that may differ from what are commonly practiced or understood.
Model Interaksi Perubatan Patuh Syari’ah Antara Petugas Kesihatan dan Pesakit adalah model interaksi/ hubungan yang dirujuk dan dibina daripada sudut perspektif perundangan Islam. Model-model ini dibina berdasarkan pelbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan petugas kesihatan yang menyediakan perkhidmatan perubatan, pesakit-klien yang memerlukan rawatan atau konsultasi, keterlibatan pihak ketiga, bentuk perjanjian/ kontrak yang melibatkan pihak-pihak yang terkait, dan ketetapan perundangan Islam yang berkaitan. Ketetapan-ketetapan tersebut berasal daripada lima peraturan dasar yang berkaitan dengan tindakan dan interaksi seseorang (al-ahkam asy-syar'iyyah al-taklifiyyah). Model diklasifikasikan berdasarkan keuntungan perkhidmatan yang diberikan, jenis perjanjian/ kontrak yang terlibat, dan juga perundangan-perundangan Islam yang berkaitan. Interaksi/ hubungan tersebut diringkaskan menjadi empat model; Model A - Kerja Amal / Tidak Berasaskan Kentungan, Model B - Berasaskan Keuntungan, Model C - Penjawat Awam, dan Model D - Pekerja / Perkhidmatan Swasta. Perawatan dan perkhidmatan perubatan merupakan kewajipan yang mulia. Ia melibatkan syarat dan prinsip tertentu yang berkaitan dengan peraturan agama yang mungkin berbeza dari apa yang biasa diamalkan atau difahami.
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