SOROTAN DAN PENGAMALAN TAREKAT SHATTARIYYAH SYEIKH DAUD AL-FATANI [OVERVIEW AND PRACTICE OF SHAYKH DAUD AL-FATANI’S SHATTARIYYAH TARIQA]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/mjis.2023.7.1.238Abstract
Tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah salah sebuah tarekat terawal yang tersebar di alam Melayu. Tarekat ini telah tersebar di sini seawal abad ke 17M lagi. Kemasukkannya melalui berberapa peringkat tokoh tempatan seperti Syeikh Abdul Rauf al-Fansuri telah memunculkan pelbagai aliran. Namun begitu, setiap satu daripada aliran tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah mempunyai perbezaan sejarah dan pengamalan antara satu sama lain. Membataskan tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah kepada satu aliran sahaja akan menimbulkan kesalahfahaman terhadap perkembangan tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah di Alam Melayu. Justeru itu, kajian ini memfokuskan aliran tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah yang dibawa masuk oleh Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī. Hal ini demikian kerana beliau merupakan salah seorang tokoh utama dalam perkembangan tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah di alam Melayu. Kajian ini akan menganalisis dokumen berkaitan seperti penulisan Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī sendiri dan muridnya. Kajian ini mendapati beliau merupakan salah seorang tokoh tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah Alam Melayu berdasarkan lima bukti penglibatan beliau dengan Tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah. Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī menerima tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah daripada Syeikh Muhammad ‘As`ad. Di samping menjadi pengamal, beliau juga menjadi tokoh pengembang tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah. Perkembangan ini dilakukan dengan pembaharuan yang sesuai dengan keperluan masyarakat Melayu semasa. Justeru itu, ketokohan dan sumbangan Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī dalam membimbing kerohanian masyarakat alam Melayu perlu dihargai oleh generasi sekarang. Kajian ini penting untuk usaha dokumentasi maklumat berkenaan tarekat Shaṭṭāriyyah Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī sebagai suatu sorotan awal dalam topik ini.
The Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa stands as one of the earliest Sufi orders to proliferate in the Malay world, with its roots tracing back to the 17th century. Its propagation involved several stages, including the involvement of local figures such as Shaykh Abdul Rauf al-Fanṣūri, resulting in the emergence of diverse branches within the Tariqa. However, each branch of the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa exhibits distinctions from one another. Restricting the study to a single branch could lead to misunderstandings regarding the development of the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa in the Malay world. Therefore, this research centers on the stream introduced by Shaykh Daud al-Fatani, a key figure in the evolution of the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa in the Malay world. The analysis is grounded in relevant documents, primarily focusing on the writings of Shaykh Daud al-Fatani himself and those of his disciples. The study identifies him as a prominent figure within the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa in the Malay world, supported by five pieces of evidence affirming his engagement with the Tariqa. Shaykh Daud al-Fatani received the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa from Shaykh Muhammad ‘As`ad. Beyond being a practitioner, he assumed a significant role as a leader in the development of the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa. This development involved adaptations tailored to the contemporary needs of the Malay society. Therefore, the prominence and contributions of Shaykh Daud al-Fatani in guiding the spiritual aspects of the Malay community deserve acknowledgment by the present generation. This study holds significance in documenting information regarding the Shaṭṭāriyyah Tariqa brought forth by Shaykh Daud al-Fatani, serving as a pilot study in this field.
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