Prophetic foods for healthy glycemia: A review of scientific evidence and Islamic literature

Abstract

Background: Prophetic food is the food that was consumed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW and mentioned in the Quran as well as hadith. Meanwhile, Prophetic medicine (al-tibb al-nabawi) refers to the remedy that was used by the Prophet (pbuh) to cure an ailment or that he called people to be cured with.  Methods: A review was conducted to identify and discuss the prophetic foods that are associated with the maintenance of healthy glycaemic levels based on scientific evidence and Islamic literature such as the Quran, narration in the hadith, and opinions of Islamic scholars. An electronic literature search was carried out using selected scientific databases. In addition, a book entitled “Healing with The Medicine of the Prophet SAW” by Ibn Qayyim al-Jouzi was among the Islamic references that were used in identifying the prophetic foods and guidance. Findings: There is scientific evidence that concurs with the foods listed in prophetic medicine to ameliorate hyperglycaemic conditions in diabetes mellitus. Among the listed remedies in the prophetic medicine that were associated with glycaemic levels improvement include Nigella sativa (black cumin seeds), Olea europaea (olive), honey, Pheonix dactylifera (dates), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Zamzam water, vinegar, and Ficus (fig). These remedies assist in the hypoglycaemic effect either by restoring the structural integrity of the pancreatic cells, increasing insulin synthesis and secretion, and promoting antioxidant activities which lead to improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients.  Barley, olive oil, and black cumin seeds are associated with improvement in glycemic control due to their antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory properties, low glycemic index, and improved insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Although more clinical studies are warranted to prove the efficacy of prophetic foods for the management of hyperglycemia, foods like barley and olive oil are highly recommended as part of a nutritious and balanced diet for general health and well-being.