[Objectivity in Social Science Reseearch: Comparison of Positivism with Islamic Perspective] Objektiviti dalam Penyelidikan Sains Sosial: Perbandingan Perspektif Positivisme dengan Perspektif Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2018.16.1.240Abstract
Objectivity is an important concept in social science research, adapted from the natural science research. It stems from positivistic philosophy which view scientific research as value-free. The question is whether the concept of positivistic objectivity that emphasized empirical facts should be accepted in Islamic-based research? Is religious value judgment affect the objectivity of facts obtained by a researcher? Thus, this paper aims two important purposes. Firstly to study the concept of objectivity from the perspective of positivists and Muslim scholars. Secondly to compare those perspectives conceptually. Using content analysis method and comparison method, the paper discovered two important things in relation to the concept of objectivity. First, the concept of objectivity in research from the perspective of positivists and Muslim scholars has a few significant differences which are their principal element, their ultimate goal, their relationship with religion, their epistemological concept and critical process. Second, both perspectives share similar basic elements which is intellectual honesty and justice. Overall, the findings demonstrate that objectivity have an important account for both perspectives in doing research.
Keywords: Objectivity, Research, Value-free, Islam, Social Science
Objektiviti merupakan konsep penting dalam penyelidikan sains sosial yang disesuaikan daripada penyelidikan sains tabii. Ia bertitik tolak daripada pandangan sarjana beraliran positivisme yang melihat penyelidikan sains sebagai suatu yang bersifat bebas nilai. Persoalannya, adakah konsep objektiviti positivisme yang mementingkan fakta empirikal semata-mata wajar diikuti dalam melakukan penyelidikan bertunjangkan Islam? Adakah pertimbangan nilai seperti nilai agama akan menjejaskan objektiviti fakta yang diperoleh oleh seseorang penyelidik? Justeru, makalah ini mengandungi dua tujuan penting. Pertama, meneliti konsep objektiviti dalam penyelidikan dari perspektif sarjana beraliran positivisme dan sarjana Islam. Kedua, membandingkan kedua-dua pendapat dari segi konsepnya. Melalui kaedah analisis kandungan dan kaedah perbandingan, makalah ini menemukan dua perkara penting dalam konsep berkaitan objektiviti. Pertama, konsep objektiviti dalam penyelidikan dari sudut pandang positivisme dan Islam mempunyai beberapa perbezaan yang ketara iaitu dari aspek teras konsep objektiviti, matlamat utama, hubungan dengan nilai agama, epistemologi konsep dan proses terpentingnya. Kedua, walaupun berbeza, tidak dinafikan kedua-duanya mempunyai persamaan asas iaitu mengiktiraf elemen kejujuran intelektual dan keadilan. Secara keseluruhannya, perkara ini mempamerkan pentingnya objektiviti dicapai dalam penyelidikan sains sosial baik daripada pihak sarjana beraliran positivisme mahupun sarjana Muslim.
Kata kunci: Objektiviti, Penyelidikan, Bebas Nilai, Islam, Sains Sosial.
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