Implementasi Majallah Al-AḥkÄm Al-‘Adliyyah dalam Perundangan di Negeri Johor: Satu Kajian Preliminari
The Implementation of Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah in State of Johore’s Legislative: A Preliminary Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2020.21.1.440Abstract
This study aimed to review the influence of Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah of Ottoman Civil Code towards the Muslim society in state of Johor.The Majallah was restructured by Ottoman Empire in 1869 references to Hanafi’s School. The Majallah was a modern code divided into chapters and comprised generalizes section such as Contract Law, Tort and Evidence Act. Historically, Sultan Abu Bakar was visited to Istanbul and met His Majesty of Caliph Sultan Abdul Hamid II in year 1893 therefore became the first rule of Malay archipalego. The adoption of Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah in Arabic language as Islamic Civil legislative in year 1893 by Johore Government, also translated to bahasa Melayu in 1913 later during the reigning of Sultan Ibrahim known as Majalah Ahkam Johor. The enforcement according to section 49 and 57 of Johor State Constitution 1895. The methodology using qualitative design based on historical study approach and document analysis. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the Johor Government and the Ottoman Empire through the book Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-'Adliyyah as well as explaining the diplomatic relations of the two governments. The following study will examine the implementation of Majalah Ahkam Johor in the administration of Islamic law in the state of Johor. This paper identified the implementation of Majalah Ahkam Johor in the court of state of Johore was interrupted after the British appointed a General Advisor in 1914.
Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah melalui kod Undang-undang Sivil iaitu Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah terhadap masyarakat Islam di Johor. Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah digubal oleh Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah pada tahun 1869 dengan menggunakan kaedah fiqh Mazhab Hanafi. Kitab tersebut merupakan satu kod undang-undang moden yang dibahagikan mengikut bab serta fasal yang mengandungi peruntukan umum seperti Undang-undang Kontrak, Tort dan Undang-undang Keterangan. Menurut sejarah, Sultan Abu Bakar mengadakan kunjungan rasmi terhadap Sultan Abdul Hamid II di Istanbul pada tahun 1893 dan merupakan pemerintah pertama dari rantau Nusantara yang berbuat demikian. Kerajaan Johor mengadaptasi kitab Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah sebagai perundangan Sivil Islam pada tahun 1893, dan kemudiannya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Melayu pada tahun 1913 ketika pemerintahan Sultan Ibrahim yang dikenali sebagai Majalah Ahkam Johor. Penguatkuasaan penggunaan kitab itu selaras dengan peruntukan seksyen 49 dan 57 Undang-undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor 1895. Metodologi kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian sejarah dan analisis dokumen. Objektif penulisan ini ialah meneliti hubungan antara Kerajaan Johor dengan Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah melalui kitab Majallah al-AḥkÄm al-‘Adliyyah di samping menghuraikan hubungan diplomatik kedua-dua kerajaan. Seterusnya makalah ini akan menilai perlaksanaan Majalah Ahkam Johor dalam pentadbiran undang-undang Islam di negeri Johor. Hasil penulisan mendapati implementasi penggunaan kitab Majalah Ahkam Johor dalam mahkamah negeri Johor terganggu selepas British menempatkan seorang Penasihat Am pada tahun 1914.
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