[The Letter Hamzah: Highlights of Its Origin and Background] Huruf Hamzah: Sorotan Asal Usul dan Latar Belakang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2021.22.3.554Abstract
Hamzah is a difficult letter in pronunciation compared to other letters because its point of articulation (makhraj) is located at the bottom part of the throat, the farthest compared to other points. Therefore, the symbol of hamzah also has a diverse background based on the hamzah letter identity, which has a concession (rukhsah) in the expression due to the difficulty of pronouncing it. The problem has caused confusion among the community to understand the scope of hamzah symbols found in mushaf because the Muslim community, especially in Malaysia, is bound by the narration of Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi that does not reveal the change of the letter hamzah based on its identity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the correct understanding of the scope of hamzah letters involving symbols, colours and vowel marks (lines or harakat) based on the history recorded by qurra’. This descriptive study discusses the views of qurra’ related to the letter hamzah, specifically involving symbols, colours and vowel marks (lines or harakat). All data were analysed using inductive and conductive methods. The findings show that the letter hamzah has a diverse background referring to its symbols, colours and vowel marks (lines or harakat). All these backgrounds cannot be realised within the community when they are still bound by the narration of Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi. If this understanding is not explained in detail to the public, it is worried that the community will be confused about the identity of the letter hamzah that is subject to various changes in all aspects, whether involving symbols in mushaf or the variety of pronunciation based on ahruf al-Sab’ah. This study can also be an added value for teachers of the Quran in understanding the scope of the letter hamzah as one of the letters in the hija’iyyah letters.
Huruf hamzah adalah antara huruf yang sukar dalam sebutan berbanding dengan huruf-huruf yang lain. Ini adalah kerana makhraj huruf tersebut terletak di pangkal kerongkong iaitu makhraj yang paling jauh sekali antara makhraj-makhraj yang lain. Maka dengan ini, simbol huruf hamzah juga mempunyai latar belakang yang berbagai berdasarkan identiti huruf hamzah yang mempunyai rukhsah dalam ungkapan kerana kesukaran untuk menyebutnya. Adapun huruf ha’, walaupun makhraj sama dengan huruf hamzah tetapi tiada mempunyai rukhsah dalam sebutan sepertimana huruf hamzah .Bertitik tolak daripada permasalahan tersebut, telah timbulnya kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat untuk memahami ruang lingkup simbol huruf hamzah yang terdapat dalam mushaf. Ini adalah kerana masyarakat Islam khususnya di Malaysia terikat dengan kaedah pembacaan Riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi yang secara dasarnya kurang pendedahan tentang perubahan huruf hamzah berdasarkan identitinya. Oleh itu kajian ini dibuat adalah bertujuan untuk menyingkap kefahaman yang tepat mengenai ruang lingkup huruf hamzah melibatkan simbol, warna dan barisnya berdasarkan sejarah yang telah dirakamkan oleh para qurra’. Kajian berbentuk diskriptif ini akan membahaskan pandangan para qurra berkaitan huruf hamzah secara khususnya yang melibatkaan simbol. warna dan baris huruf tersebut. Kesemua data dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan deduktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawasanya huruf hamzah mempunyai latar belakang yang pelbagai merujuk kepada simbol, warna dan barisnya. Kesemua latar belakang ini tidak mampu diterjemahkan kepada masyarakat selagi mana masyarakat masih lagi terikat dengan kaedah pembacaan Riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi. Maka dengan ini jikalau kefahaman ini tidak diperjelaskan secara terperinci kepada masyarakat umum, dikhuatiri masyarakat akan terkeliru tentang identiti huruf hamzah yang diwarnai dengan pelbagai perubahan dalam semua aspek sama ada melibatkan aspek simbol dalam mushaf mahupun kepelbagaian sebutan dalam pembacaan berdasarkan ahruf al-Sab’ah. Kajian ini juga mampu menjadi nilai tambah bagi guru-guru al-Quran dalam memahami ruang lingkup huruf hamzah yang menjadi salah satu huruf dalam kumpulan huruf hija’iyyah.
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