[MS] [An Analysis on The Laws of Limitation on Prayers’ Performance in The Mosque during the Pandemic Era of Covid-19] Analisis Hukum terhadap Limitasi Pelaksanaan Solat di Masjid Era COVID-19

Abstract

Islam has taught and emphasised greatly on unity and solidarity among Muslims. This matter has become part of the agenda in various activities of Muslims; including in the matters of worship or ritual practices. The ultimate reason for performing prayers in the mosque, whether for Friday prayers or obligatory prayers, is to develop the unity of the ummah and revealing Islamic teachings. However, the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon that has hit the world today requires that the implementation of prayers in mosques be studied and refined by putting in appropriate procedures and limitations to curb the spread of this epidemic. The inconsistency in terms of procedures between states in the implementation of Friday prayers and congregational prayers in mosques also invites disputes among the community. Thus, this paper will examine and analyse the procedures and limitations of the implementation from the aspect of Islamic law, based on current situation. This study uses a qualitative method through a content analysis approach and the primary source used is fatwa documents which related to the issues studied both at the national and state levels. In fact, these primary sources were analysed with a comparative approach. As a result, the findings of the study found that the differences in the setting of procedures and limitations issued by the state authorities regarding Friday prayers and congregational prayers in mosques are common and have specific justifications based on Islamic law. The only difference is in the matter of furu 'which is allowed in Islam. It is hoped that the analysis and details made through this paper will improve the negative perceptions of the public towards religious institutions in the country. In fact, hopefully this paper will be a benchmark for scholars in the field of Islamic studies to support and enhance the knowledge in the contemporary fiqh as well as to give a clear opinion for the questions and problems faced by Muslims nowadays.

Ajaran Islam amat menitikberatkan soal kesatuan dan perpaduan dalam kalangan umat Islam. Perkara ini menjadi sebahagian agenda dalam pelbagai aktiviti umat Islam termasuklah dalam urusan ibadah atau amalan ritual. Tuntutan kepada pelaksanaan solat di masjid sama ada bagi solat Jumaat mahupun solat fardu adalah bertujuan untuk membina kesatuan umat dan menzahirkan syiar Islam. Namun, fenomena pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda dunia hari ini menuntut agar pelaksanaan solat di masjid dikaji dan diperhalusi dengan meletakkan prosedur dan limitasi sewajarnya bagi membendung penularan wabak ini. Ketidakseragaman dari sudut prosedur antara negeri dalam pelaksanaan solat Jumaat dan solat berjemaah di masjid juga mengundang pertikaian dalam kalangan masyarakat. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan meneliti dan menganalisis terhadap prosedur dan limitasi pelaksanaannya dari aspek syarak berasaskan realiti semasa. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui pendekatan analisis kandungan. Sumber primer yang digunakan adalah dokumen fatwa yang dikeluarkan berkaitan isu dikaji sama di peringkat kebangsaan mahupun negeri. Sumber primer ini dianalisis dengan pendekatan komparatif. Hasilnya, dapatan kajian mendapati perbezaan dalam penetapan prosedur dan limitasi yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berkuasa negeri berhubung solat Jumaat dan solat berjemaah di masjid adalah berasas dan mempunyai sandaran serta justifikasi kukuh berpandukan hukum syarak. Perbezaan hanyalah dalam perkara furu’ yang dibenarkan dalam Islam. Diharapkan, kupasan dan perincian yang dibuat melalui kertas kerja ini akan memperbaiki persepsi negatif masyarakat awam terhadap institusi keagamaan di negera ini. Malah, kertas kerja ini diharap menjadi batu asas untuk sarjana dalam bidang pengajian Islam memperkayakan khazanah fiqh kontemporari bagi merungkai persoalan dan permasalahan semasa yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam.