[Breast Milk Nutrient Composition, Immunology and COVID-19] Komposisi Nutrien Susu Ibu, Imunologi dan COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.1.671Abstract
Breast milk is the best food that a mother can give to a newborn baby up to the first six months of age. The purpose of this writing is to provide information on the nutrient content found in breast milk, the antibodies involved in helping reduce the infection of COVID-19 and how to breastfeed. The composition of breast milk will change according to the nutrient needs of the baby at every moment. The enzyme content in breast milk will help digestion and the nutrient content can prevent the baby from getting infections that cannot be replaced by formula milk. Antibodies or immunoglobulins are proteins produced by cells in the body's immune system to fight allergens, bacteria, and viruses that cause disease. The body has different types of antibodies such as IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE. Newborns have immunoglobulins from the placenta. This immunoglobulin will quickly decrease immediately after the baby is born, while the newborn baby's body is not yet able to form the immunoglobulin. This condition will decrease when the baby gets breast milk. This is because breast milk contains a high level of secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies (sIgA) that will protect babies from various bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections. Antibodies help the body's immune system recognize and destroy pathogens such as COVID-19. All mothers who recover from COVID-19 have antibodies to COVID-19 in their milk. These antibodies are very good at fighting diseases that attack the lining of the lungs such as COVID-19. Women with COVID-19 can breastfeed and the virus cannot be detected in breast milk. Safe breastfeeding involves following good respiratory hygiene, skin-to-skin contact for newborns, sharing a room with their baby, washing hands before and after touching the baby, and keeping all surfaces clean.
Susu ibu merupakan makanan terbaik yang dapat diberikan ibu kepada bayi yang baru lahir sehingga usia enam bulan pertama. Tujuan penulisan ini memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan nutrien yang terdapat dalam susu ibu, antibodi yang terlibat membantu menurunkan jangkitan COVID-19 dan cara penyusuannya. Komposisi susu ibu akan berubah sesuai dengan keperluan nutrien bayi pada setiap saat. Kandungan enzim dalam susu ibu akan membantu pencernaan dan kandungan nutrien pula mampu mencegah bayi mendapat infeksi yang sememangnya tidak boleh diganti oleh susu formula. Antibodi atau immunoglobulin adalah protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel dalam sistem imuniti tubuh untuk melawan alergen, bakteria, serta virus penyebab penyakit. Tubuh memiliki pelbagai jenis antibodi seperti IgA, IgG, IgM, dan IgE. Bayi yang baru dilahirkan mempunyai immunoglobulin daripada plasenta. Immunoglobulin ini akan cepat menurun segera setelah bayi dilahirkan, sedangkan tubuh bayi yang baru lahir belum mampu membentuk immunoglobulin tersebut. Keadaan ini akan berkurangan apabila bayi mendapatkan susu ibu. Hal ini kerana susu ibu mengandungi kadar antibodi immunoglobulin A rembesan (sIgA) yang tinggi yang akan melindungi bayi daripada pelbagai penyakit infeksi bakteria, virus, parasit dan kulat. Antibodi membantu sistem imuniti tubuh mengenali dan menghancurkan patogen seperti COVID-19. Semua ibu yang pulih daripada COVID-19 memiliki antibodi untuk COVID-19 dalam susu mereka. Antibodi ini sangat baik dalam melawan penyakit yang menyerang lapisan paru-paru seperti COVID-19. Wanita yang menghidap COVID-19 boleh menyusukan bayi dan virus ini tidak dapat dikesan pada susu ibu. Penyusuan yang selamat harus mengikuti kebersihan pernafasan dengan baik, melakukan kontak kulit ke kulit untuk bayi yang baru lahir, berkongsi bilik dengan bayi mereka, mencuci tangan sebelum dan selepas menyentuh bayi, dan menjaga semua permukaan agar bersih.
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