A scoping review of wet nursing in the Muslim world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.2.680Abstract
The recruitment of wet nurses among Malaysians is increasing. This is due to the awareness on the benefit of breastmilk for infant’s growth and protection against diseases. However, the consequence of breastfeeding in Islam is tremendous, that is, the milk-mother and the child she breastfed are now become as blood mother and child. This means that a new set of family tie is formed between the nursling and the wet nurse’s family which needs to be addressed to avoid future problems such as health risk and incest if proper documentation and maintaining of family connection are not done. Since this phenomenon is quite new in the contemporary time, an understanding of this phenomenon is important to inform further action. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to summarise and synthesise existing studies on wet nursing in the Muslim world. This is important to identify gap in literature on wet nursing in Islam. Thirty-nine articles which met the selection criteria were reviewed and classified according to the emergent themes. The themes were wet nursing from Islamic perspective; wet nurses and milk donors; history of wet nursing; experiences of wet nurses; breastmilk bank and milk donation; documentation of wet nursing; and father’s role in wet nursing. This review found a huge gap in literature specifically on how both the wet nurses’ and the nurslings’ families stay connected; and what needs to be done in terms of documentation to ensure easy tracing of family line in the future.
References
Abu Daud. (1999). Sunan Abu Daud. Book 12, (Kaherah: Dar al-Hadith).
Al-Hreashy, F. A. (2018). Non-maternal nursing in the Muslim community: A health perspective review. Journal of Clinical Neonatology, 7(4), 191-197.
Alimoradi, F., Javadi, M., Barikani, A., Kalantari, N., & Ahmadi, M. (2014). An overview of importance of breastfeeding. J Compr Ped. 5(2), 1-5.
Al-Naqeeb, N. A., Azab, A., Eliwa, M. S., & Mohammed, B. Y. (2000). The Introduction of Breast Milk Donation in a Muslim Country. Journal of Human Lactation, 16(4), 346-350.
Arksey, H. and O'Malley, L. (2005) Scoping studies: Towards A Methodological Framework, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8 (1), 19-32.
Azmi, A. S. (2018). Parallel Framework of Muḥammad And Moses's Story: An Analysis of The Narratives of Ḥalīmah Al-Saʿdiyyah. Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 17(1), 1-12.
Azmi, A. S. (2019). The Hybrid Nature of Sirah Nabawiyyah: An Analysis of Quranic Biography of Muhammad’s Early Life. International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 6(1), 31-38.
Bawany, M. H., Milhan, A., & Padela, A. I. (2016). The Unbreakable Relationship: Are Muslims Aware of the Islamic Bioethical Perspectives on Human Breast Milk Banking? Islam Horizons, 48-51.
Bayyenat, S., Ghazizade Hashemi, S. A., Purbaferani, A., Saeidi, M., & Khodaee, G. H. (2014). The Importance of Breastfeeding in Holy Quran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2(4.1), 339-347.
Bensaid, B. (2021). Breastfeeding as a Fundamental Islamic Human Right. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 362-373.
Borba, V. V., Sharif, K. & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017). Breastfeeding and autoimmunity: Programing health from the beginning. American Journal Of Reproductive Immunology https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12778
Bouzenita, A. I., & Hussain, F. A. (2021). Psychological and Societal Impacts of Unknown Descent and The Islamic Objective of Nasab. A Preliminary Study of Chosen Biomedical Technologies. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 20(1), 171-186.
Can, H. O., Yesil, Y., Eksioglu, A., & Turfan, E. C. (2014). Women's Views on Wet Nursing and Milk Siblinghood: An Example from Turkey. Breastfeeding Medicine, 9(10), 559-560.
Chang, P., Li, S., Yang, H, Wang, L., Weng, C., Chen, K., Chen, W., & Fan, S. (2019). Factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 and 2 months postpartum in Taiwan. BMC International Breastfeeding Journal, 14 (18), 1-7.
Chantry, C. C., Dewey. K. G., Peerson, J. M., Wagner, E. A., & Nommsen-Rivers, L. A. (2014). In-Hospital Formula Use Increases Early Breastfeeding Cessation Among First-Time Mothers Intending to Exclusively Breastfeed. J Pediatr., 164(6), 1339–1345.
Che Abdul Rahim, N., Hamjah, S. H., Abdul Majid, L., Kusrin, Z., Muhammad Hashim, N., Saidon, R., Bahari, N., Ilias, M. Z., & Ahmad, N. (2021). A cross-sectional study on the practice of wet nursing among Muslim mothers. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21 (1), 1-10.
Daud, N., Ali, Z., Ismail, H., Jamani, N. A., & Mohd, S. R. (2020). The Implementation of Shariah Compliant Human Milk Bank for Premature Infants in Malaysia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(16), 1007-1012. (Daud et al., 2020a)
Daud, N., Ismail, H., Arifin, S. R. M., Jamani, N. A., Nordin, N., Ismail, S. K., ... & Syed, S. N. M. (2020). Breastfeeding Wages According to Al Quran and Al Sunnah. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(04), 2522-2529. (Daud et al., 2020b)
Daud, N., Ismail, H., Mohd Ariffin, S. R., Embong, R., Nordin, N., & Bichi, A. A. (2019). Benefits of Breast Milk for Health Care: Analysis from the Islamic Perspective. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(9), 1846-1850.
Daud, N., Kusrin, Z. M., Hamjah, S. H., & Omar, A. F. (2012). Penyusuan dan Bank Susu Menurut Islam. Islamiyyat: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 34, 107-118.
Daud, N., Nordin, N., Embong, R., Razali, M. A. T. M., Norudin, N., Yusof, N. H., & Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2017). Breastfeeding Practices among Malay Academicians in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 130-141.
Dessì, A., Briana, D., Corbu, S., Gavrili, S., Marincola F. C., Georgantzi, S., Pintus, R., Fanos, V., Malamitsi-Puchner, A. (2018). Metabolomics of Breast Milk: The Importance of Phenotypes. Metabolites, 8(79), 1-10.
Dimon, Z., Bahari, N., Kamaruddin, N., & Ghani, N. A. (2018). Hukum-hukum Penyusuan Terhadap Anak Susuan: Kajian Kesedaran Masyarakat Islam di Selangor [Ruling Towards Breastfeeding in Islam: Study on Awareness of Muslim Community in Selangor]. Journal of Muwafaqat, 1(1), 71-83.
Dogan, C. (2021). Tender Mothers: Breastfeeding, Wetnursing, and the Limits of Social Critique From the Late Ottoman to the Early Republican Periods (1880-1930). Mukaddime, 12 (1), 27-44.
Ergin, A., & Uzun, S. U. (2018). Turkish Women’s Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors on Wet-Nursing, Milk Sharing and Human Milk Banking. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 22(4), 454-460.
Galley, J. D. & Besner, G. E. (2020). The Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients, 12 (745), 1-13.
Ghaly, M. (2012). Milk Banks Through the Lens of Muslim Scholars: One Text in Two Contexts. Bioethics, 26(3), 117-127.
Ghaly, M. (2018). Human Milk-Based Industry in the Muslim World: Religioethical Challenges. Breastfeeding Medicine, 13(S1), S-28-S-29.
Hamjah, S. H., Rahim, N. C. A., Hashim, N. M., Kusrin, Z. M., Majid, L. A., & Saidon, R. (2021). A Quantitative Study on Muslim Milk Mother's Understanding Towards the Islamic Concept of Wet Nursing. Research Square, 1-18.
Khasawneh, W. & Khasawneh, A. A. (2017). Predictors and barriers to breastfeeding in north of Jordan: could we do better? International Breastfeeding Journal, 12(49), 1-7.
Marinelli, K. A. (2020). Wet nurses to donor milk banks and back again: the continuum of sharing our milk to save lives. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(2), 213-216.
Mehrpisheh, S., Memarian, A., Ameri, M., & Saberi Isfeedvajani, M. (2020). The Importance of Breastfeeding Based on Islamic Rules and Qur’an. Hospital Practices and Research, 5(2), 37-41.
Mohamad Safir, D. N. M., Safir, H. S. M., Salleh, S. F., & Yusoff, S. H. M. (2019a). Intervensi Pengurusan Dokumentasi Anak Susuan Ke Arah Mewujudkan Masyarakat Sejahtera [Intervention of Wet Nursing Documentation Management Towards Creating A Prosperous Society]. AL-QIYAM International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2(4), 47-53.
Mohamad Safir, D. N. M., Salleh, S. F., & Safir, H. S. M. (2020a). Keperluan Dokumentasi Penyusuan Anak Susuan dalam kalangan Masyarakat di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(2), 13-20.
Mohamad Safir, H. S. M., Safir, D. N. M., & Salleh, S. F. (2019b). Realiti Penyusuan Anak Susuan Pada Zaman Silam Dan Kontemporari: Kajian Tinjauan [The Reality of Wet-Nursing in The Past and Contemporary: A Review Study]. AL-QIYAM International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2(2), 48-56.
Mohamad Safir, H. S. M., Safir, D. N. M., & Salleh, S. F. (2020b). Pengendalian Dokumentasi Anak Susuan Dalam Kalangan Ibu Susuan [Handling of Breastfeeding Documentation Among Breastfeeding Mothers]. Malaysian Journal of Islamic Studies (MJIS), 4(2), 67-77.
Muda, S. M., & Nazri, N. A. (2020). The Concept of Human Milk Donation and Milk Kinship in Islam. International Journal of Care Scholars, 3(1), 41-44.
Munjin, S., & Kamaludin, I. (2019). The Role of Prophet Muhammad on Women Emancipation in Mecca Period. Islam Realitas. Journal of Islamic and Social Studies, 5(2), 173-185.
Odom, Erika C., Ruowei Li, Kelley S. Scanlon, Cria G. Perrine, & Laurence Grummer-Strawn. (2013). Reasons for Earlier Than Desired Cessation of Breastfeeding. Pediatrics 131(3), e726-e732.
Olang, B., Heidarzadeh, A., Strandvik, B., & Yngve, A. (2012). Reasons given by mothers for discontinuing breastfeeding in Iran. International Breastfeeding Journal, 7(7), 1-7.
Orlando, S. (1995). The immunologic significance of breast milk. Jognn Clinical Issues, 27(7), 678-683.
Palma, J. A., & Palma, F. (2020). Maternal Breastfeeding or Wet Nursing? Religion, Persecution, and Ideology in the 17th Century. Breastfeeding Medicine, 15(12), 1-3.
Pronczuk, J, Moy, G., & Vallenas, C. (2004). Breast Milk: An Optimal Food. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112 (13), A722-A723.
Rahmah, M. A., Zakiah, M. S., Rosnah, S., Shamsul, A. S., Azlan, D., & Khadijah, S. (2011). Work related determinants of breastfeeding discontinuation among employed mothers in Malaysia. International Breastfeeding Journal, 6(4), 1-6.
Saari, Z., Yusof, F. M., Rosman, A. S., Nizar, T. J., Muhamad, S. N., & Ahmad, S. A. S. (2016). Wet Nursing: A Historical Review and Its Ideal Characteristics. Perintis eJournal, 6(1), 1-13.
Salleh, S. F., Daud, N., & Man, S. (2014). Amalan Pengambilan Ibu Susuan: Satu Kajian Sorotan Terhadap Dokumentasi Bukti Penyusuan. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 4, 113-134.
Sarkar, S. (2004). Nutritional aspects of breastmilk. Nutrition & Food Science, 34 (4), 151-155.
Shaikh, U., & Ahmed, O. (2006). Islam and Infant Feeding. Breastfeeding Medicine, 1(3), 164-167.
Shamsu, L. S. & M. Mhanna, J.S. (2020). Ø£Øكام الرضاع المØرم ÙÙŠ الÙقه الإسلامي: دراسة Ùقهية Øديثية: The Ruling of Milk Kinship in Islamic Jurisprudence: Study in Legal and Prophetic Tradition. ‘Abqari Journal, 332-357.
Tengku Alina, T.I., Wan Manan, W. M., & Mohd Isa, B. (2013). Factors Predicting Early Discontinuation of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Health and the Environment Journal, 4 (1), 42-54.
UNICEF. (2007). Progress for Children: A World Fit for Children Statistical Review (Vol. 6). Geneva: UNICEF Publications.
Walker, W. & Iyengar, R. S. (2015). Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis. Pediatric Research, 77(1), 220-228.
World Health Organization (2017). WHA Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Wasting Policy Brief. Available at http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/globaltargets_wasting_policybrief.pdf
World Health Organization. (2003). Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. http://who.int/iris//bit-stream/10665/42590/1/9241562218.pdf. Accessed 14 May 2021.
Yılmaz, M., Aykut, M., Şahin, H., Ongan, D., Balcı, E., Gün, İ., & Öztürk, A. (2018). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices About Wet-Nursing and Human Milk Banking in Kayseri, Turkey. Erciyes Medical Journal/Erciyes Tip Dergisi, 40(4), 204-209.
Al-Hreashy, F. A. (2018). Non-maternal nursing in the Muslim community: A health perspective review. Journal of Clinical Neonatology, 7(4), 191-197.
Alimoradi, F., Javadi, M., Barikani, A., Kalantari, N., & Ahmadi, M. (2014). An overview of importance of breastfeeding. J Compr Ped. 5(2), 1-5.
Al-Naqeeb, N. A., Azab, A., Eliwa, M. S., & Mohammed, B. Y. (2000). The Introduction of Breast Milk Donation in a Muslim Country. Journal of Human Lactation, 16(4), 346-350.
Arksey, H. and O'Malley, L. (2005) Scoping studies: Towards A Methodological Framework, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8 (1), 19-32.
Azmi, A. S. (2018). Parallel Framework of Muḥammad And Moses's Story: An Analysis of The Narratives of Ḥalīmah Al-Saʿdiyyah. Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 17(1), 1-12.
Azmi, A. S. (2019). The Hybrid Nature of Sirah Nabawiyyah: An Analysis of Quranic Biography of Muhammad’s Early Life. International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 6(1), 31-38.
Bawany, M. H., Milhan, A., & Padela, A. I. (2016). The Unbreakable Relationship: Are Muslims Aware of the Islamic Bioethical Perspectives on Human Breast Milk Banking? Islam Horizons, 48-51.
Bayyenat, S., Ghazizade Hashemi, S. A., Purbaferani, A., Saeidi, M., & Khodaee, G. H. (2014). The Importance of Breastfeeding in Holy Quran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2(4.1), 339-347.
Bensaid, B. (2021). Breastfeeding as a Fundamental Islamic Human Right. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 362-373.
Borba, V. V., Sharif, K. & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017). Breastfeeding and autoimmunity: Programing health from the beginning. American Journal Of Reproductive Immunology https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12778
Bouzenita, A. I., & Hussain, F. A. (2021). Psychological and Societal Impacts of Unknown Descent and The Islamic Objective of Nasab. A Preliminary Study of Chosen Biomedical Technologies. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 20(1), 171-186.
Can, H. O., Yesil, Y., Eksioglu, A., & Turfan, E. C. (2014). Women's Views on Wet Nursing and Milk Siblinghood: An Example from Turkey. Breastfeeding Medicine, 9(10), 559-560.
Chang, P., Li, S., Yang, H, Wang, L., Weng, C., Chen, K., Chen, W., & Fan, S. (2019). Factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 and 2 months postpartum in Taiwan. BMC International Breastfeeding Journal, 14 (18), 1-7.
Chantry, C. C., Dewey. K. G., Peerson, J. M., Wagner, E. A., & Nommsen-Rivers, L. A. (2014). In-Hospital Formula Use Increases Early Breastfeeding Cessation Among First-Time Mothers Intending to Exclusively Breastfeed. J Pediatr., 164(6), 1339–1345.
Che Abdul Rahim, N., Hamjah, S. H., Abdul Majid, L., Kusrin, Z., Muhammad Hashim, N., Saidon, R., Bahari, N., Ilias, M. Z., & Ahmad, N. (2021). A cross-sectional study on the practice of wet nursing among Muslim mothers. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21 (1), 1-10.
Daud, N., Ali, Z., Ismail, H., Jamani, N. A., & Mohd, S. R. (2020). The Implementation of Shariah Compliant Human Milk Bank for Premature Infants in Malaysia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(16), 1007-1012. (Daud et al., 2020a)
Daud, N., Ismail, H., Arifin, S. R. M., Jamani, N. A., Nordin, N., Ismail, S. K., ... & Syed, S. N. M. (2020). Breastfeeding Wages According to Al Quran and Al Sunnah. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(04), 2522-2529. (Daud et al., 2020b)
Daud, N., Ismail, H., Mohd Ariffin, S. R., Embong, R., Nordin, N., & Bichi, A. A. (2019). Benefits of Breast Milk for Health Care: Analysis from the Islamic Perspective. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(9), 1846-1850.
Daud, N., Kusrin, Z. M., Hamjah, S. H., & Omar, A. F. (2012). Penyusuan dan Bank Susu Menurut Islam. Islamiyyat: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 34, 107-118.
Daud, N., Nordin, N., Embong, R., Razali, M. A. T. M., Norudin, N., Yusof, N. H., & Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2017). Breastfeeding Practices among Malay Academicians in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 130-141.
Dessì, A., Briana, D., Corbu, S., Gavrili, S., Marincola F. C., Georgantzi, S., Pintus, R., Fanos, V., Malamitsi-Puchner, A. (2018). Metabolomics of Breast Milk: The Importance of Phenotypes. Metabolites, 8(79), 1-10.
Dimon, Z., Bahari, N., Kamaruddin, N., & Ghani, N. A. (2018). Hukum-hukum Penyusuan Terhadap Anak Susuan: Kajian Kesedaran Masyarakat Islam di Selangor [Ruling Towards Breastfeeding in Islam: Study on Awareness of Muslim Community in Selangor]. Journal of Muwafaqat, 1(1), 71-83.
Dogan, C. (2021). Tender Mothers: Breastfeeding, Wetnursing, and the Limits of Social Critique From the Late Ottoman to the Early Republican Periods (1880-1930). Mukaddime, 12 (1), 27-44.
Ergin, A., & Uzun, S. U. (2018). Turkish Women’s Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors on Wet-Nursing, Milk Sharing and Human Milk Banking. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 22(4), 454-460.
Galley, J. D. & Besner, G. E. (2020). The Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients, 12 (745), 1-13.
Ghaly, M. (2012). Milk Banks Through the Lens of Muslim Scholars: One Text in Two Contexts. Bioethics, 26(3), 117-127.
Ghaly, M. (2018). Human Milk-Based Industry in the Muslim World: Religioethical Challenges. Breastfeeding Medicine, 13(S1), S-28-S-29.
Hamjah, S. H., Rahim, N. C. A., Hashim, N. M., Kusrin, Z. M., Majid, L. A., & Saidon, R. (2021). A Quantitative Study on Muslim Milk Mother's Understanding Towards the Islamic Concept of Wet Nursing. Research Square, 1-18.
Khasawneh, W. & Khasawneh, A. A. (2017). Predictors and barriers to breastfeeding in north of Jordan: could we do better? International Breastfeeding Journal, 12(49), 1-7.
Marinelli, K. A. (2020). Wet nurses to donor milk banks and back again: the continuum of sharing our milk to save lives. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(2), 213-216.
Mehrpisheh, S., Memarian, A., Ameri, M., & Saberi Isfeedvajani, M. (2020). The Importance of Breastfeeding Based on Islamic Rules and Qur’an. Hospital Practices and Research, 5(2), 37-41.
Mohamad Safir, D. N. M., Safir, H. S. M., Salleh, S. F., & Yusoff, S. H. M. (2019a). Intervensi Pengurusan Dokumentasi Anak Susuan Ke Arah Mewujudkan Masyarakat Sejahtera [Intervention of Wet Nursing Documentation Management Towards Creating A Prosperous Society]. AL-QIYAM International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2(4), 47-53.
Mohamad Safir, D. N. M., Salleh, S. F., & Safir, H. S. M. (2020a). Keperluan Dokumentasi Penyusuan Anak Susuan dalam kalangan Masyarakat di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(2), 13-20.
Mohamad Safir, H. S. M., Safir, D. N. M., & Salleh, S. F. (2019b). Realiti Penyusuan Anak Susuan Pada Zaman Silam Dan Kontemporari: Kajian Tinjauan [The Reality of Wet-Nursing in The Past and Contemporary: A Review Study]. AL-QIYAM International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2(2), 48-56.
Mohamad Safir, H. S. M., Safir, D. N. M., & Salleh, S. F. (2020b). Pengendalian Dokumentasi Anak Susuan Dalam Kalangan Ibu Susuan [Handling of Breastfeeding Documentation Among Breastfeeding Mothers]. Malaysian Journal of Islamic Studies (MJIS), 4(2), 67-77.
Muda, S. M., & Nazri, N. A. (2020). The Concept of Human Milk Donation and Milk Kinship in Islam. International Journal of Care Scholars, 3(1), 41-44.
Munjin, S., & Kamaludin, I. (2019). The Role of Prophet Muhammad on Women Emancipation in Mecca Period. Islam Realitas. Journal of Islamic and Social Studies, 5(2), 173-185.
Odom, Erika C., Ruowei Li, Kelley S. Scanlon, Cria G. Perrine, & Laurence Grummer-Strawn. (2013). Reasons for Earlier Than Desired Cessation of Breastfeeding. Pediatrics 131(3), e726-e732.
Olang, B., Heidarzadeh, A., Strandvik, B., & Yngve, A. (2012). Reasons given by mothers for discontinuing breastfeeding in Iran. International Breastfeeding Journal, 7(7), 1-7.
Orlando, S. (1995). The immunologic significance of breast milk. Jognn Clinical Issues, 27(7), 678-683.
Palma, J. A., & Palma, F. (2020). Maternal Breastfeeding or Wet Nursing? Religion, Persecution, and Ideology in the 17th Century. Breastfeeding Medicine, 15(12), 1-3.
Pronczuk, J, Moy, G., & Vallenas, C. (2004). Breast Milk: An Optimal Food. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112 (13), A722-A723.
Rahmah, M. A., Zakiah, M. S., Rosnah, S., Shamsul, A. S., Azlan, D., & Khadijah, S. (2011). Work related determinants of breastfeeding discontinuation among employed mothers in Malaysia. International Breastfeeding Journal, 6(4), 1-6.
Saari, Z., Yusof, F. M., Rosman, A. S., Nizar, T. J., Muhamad, S. N., & Ahmad, S. A. S. (2016). Wet Nursing: A Historical Review and Its Ideal Characteristics. Perintis eJournal, 6(1), 1-13.
Salleh, S. F., Daud, N., & Man, S. (2014). Amalan Pengambilan Ibu Susuan: Satu Kajian Sorotan Terhadap Dokumentasi Bukti Penyusuan. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 4, 113-134.
Sarkar, S. (2004). Nutritional aspects of breastmilk. Nutrition & Food Science, 34 (4), 151-155.
Shaikh, U., & Ahmed, O. (2006). Islam and Infant Feeding. Breastfeeding Medicine, 1(3), 164-167.
Shamsu, L. S. & M. Mhanna, J.S. (2020). Ø£Øكام الرضاع المØرم ÙÙŠ الÙقه الإسلامي: دراسة Ùقهية Øديثية: The Ruling of Milk Kinship in Islamic Jurisprudence: Study in Legal and Prophetic Tradition. ‘Abqari Journal, 332-357.
Tengku Alina, T.I., Wan Manan, W. M., & Mohd Isa, B. (2013). Factors Predicting Early Discontinuation of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Health and the Environment Journal, 4 (1), 42-54.
UNICEF. (2007). Progress for Children: A World Fit for Children Statistical Review (Vol. 6). Geneva: UNICEF Publications.
Walker, W. & Iyengar, R. S. (2015). Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis. Pediatric Research, 77(1), 220-228.
World Health Organization (2017). WHA Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Wasting Policy Brief. Available at http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/globaltargets_wasting_policybrief.pdf
World Health Organization. (2003). Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. http://who.int/iris//bit-stream/10665/42590/1/9241562218.pdf. Accessed 14 May 2021.
Yılmaz, M., Aykut, M., Şahin, H., Ongan, D., Balcı, E., Gün, İ., & Öztürk, A. (2018). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices About Wet-Nursing and Human Milk Banking in Kayseri, Turkey. Erciyes Medical Journal/Erciyes Tip Dergisi, 40(4), 204-209.
Downloads
Published
2022-08-30
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.
Copyrights for articles published in JIMK journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
How to Cite
A scoping review of wet nursing in the Muslim world. (2022). Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 23(2), 58-82. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.2.680
