Jurisprudens Watan: Suatu Pengenalan Prinsip Tadbir Urus yang Baik Dilihat Melalui Perkara 181(1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia [Watanic Jurisprudence: An Introduction To The Principles of Good Governance Viewed from Article 181(1) of The Federal Cons
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.3.704Abstract
Tadbir urus yang baik mempunyai prinsip etika yang tertakluk pada doktrin suatu perlembagaan. Doktrin perlembagaan pula mempunyai hubungan yang kuat dengan prinsip kedaulatan undang-undang. Banyak pihak membahaskan tentang kedaulatan undang-undang, malangnya Perkara 181(1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan sering diabaikan. Perkara 181(1) penting kerana dalam peruntukan itu menjelaskan prinsip kedaulatan Malaysia. Makalah ini mengemukakan prinsip tadbir urus yang baik berlandaskan doktrin undang-undang Malaysia. Metodologi jurisprudens watan digunakan untuk menentukan prinsip kedaulatan dan doktrin undang-undang Malaysia. Dapatan menunjukkan prinsip Tadbir urus yang baik berteraskan konsep khalifah, keadilan dan syura. Tiga buah konsep tersebut melahirkan prinsip integriti, akauntabiliti, amar maaruf, nahi munkar, teliti, muhasabah, ketelusan, persamaan dan kebebasan. Dari aspek perlaksanaannya pula, prinsip Tadbir urus yang baik dapat dikuatkuasakan melalui prinsip kuasa eksekutif Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Kesimpulannya, implikasi kedaulatan watan tanah air memberi legitimasi kepada pemakaian prinsip Tadbir urus yang baik menurut Islam dalam kerangka undang-undang Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Tadbir urus yang baik berprinsipkan Islam bukan sahaja terpakai kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong, malah kepada sesiapa sahaja yang melaksanakan kuasa eksekutif baginda.
Good governance has ethical principles that are subject to the doctrine of a constitution. The constitutional doctrine, in turn, has a strong relationship with the principle of the rule of law. Many parties debate the rule of law, unfortunately, Article 181(1) of the Federal Constitution is often ignored. Article 181(1) is important because the provision explains the principle of Malaysia's sovereignty. This paper presents the principles of good governance based on Malaysia's legal doctrine. The Watanic jurisprudence methodology is used to determine the principles of sovereignty and the legal doctrine of Malaysia. The findings show good governance principles are based on the concept of the caliph, justice, and shura. These three concepts produce the principles of integrity, accountability, Amar ma'aruf, Nahi Munkar, prudence, self-reflection, transparency, equality, and freedom. In terms of implementation, good governance principles can be enforced through the principle of executive power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. In conclusion, the implications of the indigenous sovereignty of the homeland give legitimacy to adopting good governance principles in Islam within the framework of the Federal Constitution. The good governance of Islamic principles is not only applicable to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong but also to anyone executing his executive powers.
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