ELEMEN PEMBINAAN AKHLAK AL-IMAM AL-GHAZALI MENERUSI KARYA KLASIK KALILAH WA DIMNAH
Abstract
Situasi pergolakan yang melanda kerajaan Abbasiyyah telah mendorong Abdullah Ibnu al-Muqaffamenggerakkan usaha menterjemah kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah dari bahasa Parsi ke dalam bahasa Arab. Usaha tersebut bertujuan mengembalikan kesedaran para pemimpin serta masyarakat Abbasiyyah dengan menjadikan kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah sebagai ‘medium’ mendidik dan menyalurkan nilai murni. Kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah merupakan karya klasik arab yang terkenal dan memiliki pengaruh besar dalam sejarah kesusasteraan Islam. Kemunculannya telah memacu gaya penulisan prosa Arab menggunakan dialog dan watak haiwan sebagai latar dengan tujuan memperbaiki dan membina akhlak manusia. Keistimewaan ini menjadikan kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah memiliki nilai peradaban yang tinggi dan tarikan yang tersendiri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek nilai murni yang terdapat dalam kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah berdasarkan elemen pembinaan akhlak yang diperkenalkan oleh Al-Imam Al-Ghazali r.a. Metode analisis data melibatkan analisis kandungan teks digunakan bagi mendapatkan kesimpulan terperinci tentang pecahan nilai murni yang terkandung di dalam setiap gagasan pemikiran yang cuba diketengahkan. Pelbagai aspek nilai murni dikenalpasti dan diklasifikasi bersandarkan empat elemen penting iaitu al-Hikmah (kebijaksanaan), al-Syaja’ah (keberanian), al-‘Iffah (kesucian) dan al-‘Adlu (keadilan). Matlamat akhir pendekatan al-Imam al-Ghazali r.a. dijadikan rujukan untuk menunjukkan manfaat kitab Kalilah Wa Dimnah khususnya dalam mendidik jiwa menerusi penerapan nilai murni yang menjadi tunjang pembentukan akhlak manusia sejagat. Di samping mengetengahkan keupayaan prosa Arab berbentuk kisah (al-Qissah) sebagai medium penting dalam pembentukan akhlak, ia bagi memastikan kelangsungan mesej yang dibawa dapat diterjemah dengan jelas untuk kefahaman dan manfaat pembaca.
Kata kunci: Kalilah Wa Dimnah, Abdullah Ibnu al-Muqaffa, Al-Imam al-Ghazali r.a, zaman Abbasiyyah, nilai murni.
ABSTRACT
The situation turbulence that hit the Abbasid empire has created a deep passion to Abdullah Ibnu al-Muqaffato mobilize efforts to translate the book of Kalilah Wa Dimna from Persian into Arabic. These efforts aim to restore awareness and community leaders to make the book Kalilah Wa Dimna as a 'medium' to educate and disseminate values. Kalilah Wa Dimna book is the work of famous classical Arabic and have a major influence in the history of Islamic literature. Its presence has spurred Arabic prose writing style using dialogue and character of the animal as a background with the aim to improve and develop human morality. This feature makes Kalilah Wa Dimna has a high civilization values and attractions of its own. This study aims to investigate aspects of the moral values found in the book of Kalilah wa Dimna under cultivation element introduced by Al-Imam Al-Ghazali r.a. The method of data analysis involves the analysis of text content is used to obtain detailed conclusions about the breakdown of moral values implicit in the idea of thinking in every point raised. Various aspects of moral values have been identified and classified based on the four key elements, namely as al-Hikmah (wisdom), al-Syaja'ah (courage), al-'Iffah (purity) and al-Adlu (justice). The goal of the approach end of al-Imam al-Ghazali r.a. as a reference to show the benefits of the book Kalilah Wa Dimna especially in educating people through the application of moral values which are the backbone of moral development of mankind. In addition to highlighting the capabilities of Arabic prose (al-Qissah) as an important medium in the formation of character, it also ensure the continuity of the message conveyed can be translated for understanding and benefit the reader.
Keywords: Kalilah Wa Dimna, Abdullah Ibnu al-Muqaffa, Al-Imam al-Ghazali r.a, the Abbasid era, moral values.References
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