CONCEPTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TALAQQI AND MUSYAFAHAH METHODS IN LEARNING THE QURAN
(KONSEP DAN PELAKSANAAN KAEDAH TALAQQI DAN MUSYAFAHAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AL-QURAN)
Abstract
Talaqqi musyafahah is a method of studying the Quran face to face where the delivery and teaching method is directly from a teacher to a student. It is a method inherited by the Prophet s.a.w from Gabriel a.s and subsequently implemented by Rasulullah s.a.w to the companions. The companions continued this pedagogy until it is inherited as a learning system of the Quran until today. The development of the educational system has featured various Quranic learning systems, including distance learning, as well as through the internet which is just a virtual learning via video in a unidirectional approach or written basis. This modern method has raised the question of how far it meets the talaqqi musyafahah system taught by the Prophet s.a.w. This study is aimed at explaining the true concept and importance of talaqqi musyafahah as well as the method of implementation in the study of the Quran. This qualitative study selected descriptive methods by collecting and analyzing the opinions of the early and current scholars through books, journals, and authoritative websites with respect to the topic of debate. The study found that talaqqi musyafahah is very important in the process of teaching the Quran because there are several words in the Quran that have different pronunciation compared to their written forms such as as the word(ﳁ) in al-Dzariyat: 47. Also, there is a special method in Imam Hafs recitation technique such as reciting the word (مَجْرَاهَا), isymam or roum for the word (تَأْمَنَّا) in Yusuf: 11, and tashil baina baina recitation for the word (ﲭ) in Fussilat: 44, which cannot be learned by only referring to their writings in the mushaf and any books of tajwid. It requires talaqqi and musyafahah from a qualified teacher. It is also important to realize the continuity of sanad which is one of the components in reciting the Quran. In conclusion, any methods of learning the Quran must conform to the talaqqi and musyafahah methods taught by Rasuluullah s.a.w.
Keywords: Talaqqi musyafahah, recitation technique, learning of Quran
Abstrak
Talaqqi musyafahah merupakan kaedah mempelajari al-Quran secara mulut ke mulut iaitu penyampaian atau pengajaran terus daripada mulut seorang guru kepada mulut seorang pelajar. Ia merupakan kaedah pembelajaran al-Quran yang diwarisi oleh Rasulullah s.a.w daripada Malaikat Jibril a.s seterusnya diimplimentasikan oleh Rasulullah s.a.wterhadap para sahabat r.a. Para sahabat pula meneruskan pedagogi ini sehingga ianya diwarisi sebagai satu sistem pembelajaran al-Quran sehingga hari ini. Perkembangan sistem pendidikan telah menampilkan pelbagai sistem pengajian al-Quran, termasuk pembelajaran secara jarak jauh, dan juga melalui internet yang hanya berbentuk pembelajaran alam maya atau hanya melalui video secara sehala atau penulisan sahaja. Kaedah-kaedah moden ini menimbulkan persoalan sejauhmana ianya menepati sistem talaqqi musyafahah yang diajar oleh baginda rasulullah s.a.w. Kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep sebenar dan kepentingan talaqqi musyafahah serta kaedah pelaksanaannya dalam pembelajaran al-Quran. Kajian kualitatif ini memilih metode deskriptif dengan mengumpul dan menganalisa pendapat para ulama dahulu dan terkini melalui kitab-kitab, jurnal-jurnal serta laman web-laman web yang berautoriti berkaitan tajuk perbahasan. Kajian mendapati talaqqi musyafahah sangat penting dalam proses pengajaran al-Quran kerana terdapat beberapa kalimah al-Quran yang tidak sama sebutannya sebagaimana penulisannya seperti kalimah (ﳁ) surah al-Dzariyat :47 kaedah khusus bacaan Imam Hafs seperti bacaan imalah pada kalimah (مَجْرَاهَا) isymam atau roum pada kalimah (تَأْمَنَّا) Surah Yusuf:11 dan bacaan secara tashil baina baina pada (ﲭ) Surah Fussilat:44 yang tidak dapat dipelajari cara bacannya melalui penulisan mushaf dan bacaan kitab-kitab tajwid melainkan memerlukan kepada talaqqi dan musyafahah daripada guru. Ia juga penting bagi merealisasikan kesinambungan sanad yang merupakan salah satu daripada rukum bacaan al-Quran. Kesimpulannya apa jua kaedah pembelajaran al-Quran yang digunakan mestilah menepati salah satu dari jenis-jenis talaqqi dan musyafahah yang diajarkan oleh Rasuluullah s.a.w dalam pembelajaran al-Quran.
Katakunci: Talaqqi musyafahah, metod qiraat, pembelajaran al-Quran.
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