Compressive strength, bioactivity and biocompatibility properties of chitosan-coated carbonate apatite scaffold enriched by gentamicin drug
Abstract
Chitosan-coated carbonate apatite (CA) scaffold -with and -without antibiotic enrichment were investigated for their compressive strength, biodegradability and cytotoxicity. Three different scaffolds which were chitosan-coated carbonate apatite, chitosan-coated carbonate apatite enriched by gentamicin loaded poly-lactic acid (PLA) microsphere and chitosan-coated carbonate apatite enriched by gentamicin, denoted as CS-CA, CS-GENMS-CA and CSGEN-CA, respectively were fabricated through the dipping and infiltration methods. Neat CA and neat microsphere were used as control for comparison on compressive strength, biodegradability and drug release behaviour. Biodegradability of scaffold in Hank’s Balance Salt Solution (HBSS) was characterized by weight loss whereas apatite mineralization on scaffold surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). CS-GENMS-CA showed the increasing of 3-fold compressive strength than neat CA scaffold and also has lower degradation rate among other coated scaffolds. Apatite formation on CS-GENMS-CA represented the presence of gentamicin-loaded PLA microsphere, not hindered the mineralization process for 28-day immersion in HBSS. Infiltration of gentamicin into the coated scaffold, prolonged the effective antibiotic release for up to 28 days. Cell proliferation using Presto Blue assay was observed after 7-day incubation, indicated that all scaffolds cause no cytotoxicity effect towards human osteoblast cell (hFOB). CS-GENMS-CS enhanced more cell proliferation, followed by CSGEN-CA and CS-CA. These results showed that the coated CA with gentamicin has contributed to the favour of cell growth. Thus, suggesting CS-GENMS-CA which exhibited good cell proliferation, sustained drug release and improvement of compressive strength; is a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering.
Keywords: Carbonate apatite scaffold; biodegradation; compression; proliferation; drug release
