KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGI MANGSA BENCANA DI PENEMPATAN SEMULA KOMUNITI MANGSA BENCANA BANJIR
Psychological Well-Being of Disaster Victims at Flood Victims Community Relocation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2021.4.2.301Abstract
Abstract: Disasters have had an impact on the psychological well-being of victims for a long period of time. Past research related to the psychological well-being of disaster victims shows the negative and positive psychological well-being experienced by victims even though actions have been taken by certain parties in helping disaster victims. Flooding is a natural disaster that often occurs in Malaysia. Major floods that occurred in 2014 in several states in Malaysia, especially on the east coast, have resulted in certain parties taking action to move disaster victims to new resettlement to avoid repeated tragedies. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the level of psychological well-being of disaster victims in the relocation area. The study was conducted using a qualitative design where data collection was done through interview methods. A total of 23 informants were interviewed using an interview protocol formed based on previous theories and studies. Data is analyzed using thematic analysis. The results found that stress, sadness and anxiety are elements of negative psychological well-being that informants feel when recalling these events. This negative element is balanced with the positive element of gratitude, acceptance and social support received. This study contributes to the theories of psychological well-being by the addition of acceptance and grateful as a new dimension. The results of this study also contributed to strengthen policies in relation to the importance of intervention from the psychological aspect provided to disaster victims.
Keywords: Psychological effects, Natural disaster, Floods, Relocation of flood victims, Qualitative research
Abstrak: Bencana mendatangkan kesan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologi mangsa untuk satu tempoh masa yang agak panjang. Penelitian berkaitan kesejahteraan psikologi mangsa bencana menunjukkan kesejahteraan psikologi secara negatif dan positif dialami oleh mangsa meskipun tindakan telah diambil oleh pihak tertentu dalam membantu mangsa bencana. Banjir adalah merupakan bencana alam yang seringkali terjadi di Malaysia. Banjir besar yang dialami pada tahun 2014 di beberapa buah negeri di Malaysia terutama di pantai timur telah mengakibatkan pihak-pihak tertentu mengambil tindakan untuk memindahkan mangsa bencana ke penempatan semula bagi mengelak tragedi ini berulang. Lantaran itu, kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesejahteraan psikologi mangsa bencana di kawasan penempatan semula. Kajian ini dilakukan menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif iaitu pengumpulan data melalui kaedah temubual. Sejumlah 23 orang informan telah ditemubual menggunakan protokol temubual yang dibentuk berdasarkan teori dan kajian lepas. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati tekanan, kesedihan dan kebimbangan adalah merupakan elemen kesejahteraan psikologi negatif yang dirasai oleh informan ketika mengenangkan peristiwa berkenaan. Elemen negatif ini diseimbangkan dengan elemen positif iaitu syukur, redha dan sokongan sosial yang diterima. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada teori psikologi iaitu Teori Kesejahteraan Psikologi, Teori Penentuan Diri dan Teori Modal Insan dengan menyumbang kepada penambahan redha dan bersyukur sebagai dimensi baru. Hasil kajian ini turut menyumbang kepada pengukuhan polisi berkaitan dengan kepentingan intervensi dari aspek psikologi diberikan kepada mangsa bencana.
Kata kunci: Kesan psikologikal, Bencana alam, Penempatan mangsa banjir, Kajian kualitatif
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