ELEMEN KEBERKESANAN SISTEM PAROL DALAM MENANGANI FENOMENA RESIDIVISME DALAM KALANGAN ORANG YANG DIPAROL (ODP)
Elements of The Effectiveness of Parole System in Dealing with The Phenomenon of Recidivism Among Paroled People
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2023.6.1.404Abstract
Abstract: Various approaches have been carried out by the Malaysian Prisons Department as an institution specifically responsible for the rehabilitation of prisoners to assist in rebuilding themselves so that they can play a role in society again whether as husband, wife, father, mother, child, employee and others. Among the approaches that have been introduced by the Malaysian Prisons Department is the Parole System which plays an important role in ensuring that prisoners who are released on parole can return to society as a useful person. The main objective of this research is to identify the key elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among Parolees (ODP). This research is a qualitative research that uses a case study approach through in-depth interviews. This research was conducted in two Terengganu District Parole Offices, namely the Kuala Terengganu District Parole Office and the Hulu Terengganu District Parole Office. This research involved in-depth interviews with 13 parolees (ODP) as research respondents. Sample selection was done through purposive sampling techniques and the data obtained was analyzed using thematic analysis. The research results found that there are 4 main elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among OPDs, namely, the implementation of regular urine tests, monitoring, moral support from parole officers and drug prevention education programs.
Keywords: Elements of Effectiveness; Parole System; Recidivism Phenomenon; Paroled Persons
Abstrak: Pelbagai pendekatan telah dilakukan oleh Jabatan Penjara Malaysia sebagai institusi bertanggungjawab secara khusus dalam pemulihan banduan untuk membantu dalam membina kembali diri mereka agar dapat berperanan semula dalam masyarakat sama ada sebagai suami, isteri, ayah, ibu, anak, pekerja dan lain-lain. Antara pendekatan yang telah diperkenalkan oleh pihak Jabatan Penjara Malaysia iaitu Sistem Parol yang memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan banduan yang dibebaskan secara parol dapat kembali ke pangkuan masyarakat sebagai seseorang yang berguna. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah mengenal pasti elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan Orang yang DiParol (ODP). Penyelidikan ini merupakan penyelidikan kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan di dua buah Pejabat Parol Daerah Negeri Terengganu iaitu Pejabat Parol Daerah Kuala Terengganu dan Pejabat Parol Daerah Hulu Terengganu. Penyelidikan ini melibatkan temu bual mendalam terhadap 13 orang yang diparol (ODP) sebagai responden penyelidikan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan dan data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati bahawa terdapat 4 elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan OPD iaitu, perlaksanaan ujian air kencing secara berkala, pemantauan, sokongan moral dari pegawai parol dan program pendidikan pencegahan dadah.
Kata kunci: Elemen Keberkesanan; Sistem Parol; Fenomena Residivisme; Orang yang DiParol
References
Anglin, T. J. (2016). Community correction: Probation, parole and intermediate sanctions. USA: Thompson Learning.
Aslie, M. R. (2008). Krisis dadah. Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Cita Tinggi.
Astro Awani (2017). Sistem parol buka peluang kedua buat banduan - KP Penjara. Atas talian http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/sistem-parol-buka-peluang-kedua-buat-banduan-kp-penjara-139301
Bernama (2018). Sistem parol bagai peluang kedua banduan. Diakses daripada https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2018/04/01/ sistem-parol-bagai-peluang-kedua-banduan/.
Carney, L. P. (2017). Probation and parole: Legal and social dimensions. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
Cromwell, P. F., Del Carmen, R. V., & Alarid, L. F. (2017). Community-based correction (5th edition). USA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
Delprino, R. P. (2014). Work and family support services for correctional officers and their family members: A national survey. USA: United States Department of Justice.
Hammer-Bacher, M., & Lyvers, M. (2018). Factors associated with relapse among clients in Australian substance disorder treatment facilities. Journal of Substance Use, 11(6), 387-394.
Jabatan Penjara Malaysia (2017). Latar belakang bahagian parol & perkhidmatan komuniti. Diakses daripada http://www.prison.gov.my/portal/ page/portal/biru/parol#Fungsi.
Jamalludin, H. (2016). 97 peratus bekas banduan ikuti program parol tidak ulangi kesilapan. Sinar Harian. Diakses daripada http://www.sinarharian.com.my/semasa/97-peratus-bekas-banduan-ikuti-program-parol-tidak-ulangi-kesilapan-1.26968?localLinksEnabled=false
Jamaludin, M., Noor Azniza, I., Siti Rozaina, K., & Nabisah, I. (2019). Pencapaian perlaksanaan program ODP di Malaysia. Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 22, 3349.
Johnson, B., Spenser, D. L., David, B. L., & Micheal, M. (2017). A systematic review of the religiosity anddelinquency literature. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 16(1), 32-52
Kementarian Dalam Negeri. (2010). Urusetia lembaga parol. Diakses daripada http://www.moha.gov.my/index.php/ms/maklumat-korporat/maklumat-bahagian/bahagian-parlimen-dan-kabinet/117-maklumat-korporat/maklumat-bahagian/urusetia-lembaga-parol
Khairul Hamimah Mohammah Jodi, Mohd Fauzi Hamat & Hadenan Towpek (2012). Nilai-nilai Islam dalam program pemulihan banduanita di Penjara. Jurnal Usuluddin, 35, 99-116.
Lajis, R. (2015). Dadah pengubah tingkahlaku, tanggapan diri dan perasaan halusinogen. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
MacKenzie, D. L. (2016). What works in corrections: Reducing the criminal activities of offenders and delinquents. USA: Cambridge University Press.
Mahmood Nazar Mohamed. (2016). Mencegah, merawat & memulihkan penagihan dadah: Beberapa pendekatan dan amalan di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors.
Mohamad, S. R. (2011). Kelebihan sistem parol. Harian Metro. Diakses daripada http://www.hmetro.com.my/myMetro/articles/Minda_Kelebihansistemparol/Article/index_html
Petersilia, J. (2015). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. New York: Oxford University Press.
Scozelli, J. (2015). Drugs abuse: Prevention and rehabilitation in Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Siti Jamiaah Abdul Jalil (2017). Pengaruh program keagamaan dan sokongan sosial terhadap konsep kendiri, kebimbangan dan kemurungan: Kajian dalam kalangan banduan wanita di Malaysia. PhD thesis. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.
Wan Roslili Abd. Majid & Najibah Mohd Zain. (2018). Isu dalam penahanan dan pemulihan banduan di Malaysia. Jurnal Kanun, 27(1), 143-168.
Zaiton Hamina & Rafizah Abu Hassan (2016). The roles and challenges of parole officers in reintegrating prisoners into the community under the parole system. ASEAN Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies, Savoy Homann Bidakara Bandung Hotel, Bandung, Indonesia, 15-17 Jun.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.
