ULASAN PENSKOPAN MAKANAN SEBAGAI SIMBOL KOMUNIKASI BUKAN LISAN
Scoping Review of Food as a Symbol in Non-Verbal Communication
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2025.8.SI1.810Abstract
Symbols are an important element in determining a successful communication process. This research focuses on food as a symbol in the context of non-verbal communication for conveying social and cultural messages. The study's objective is to analyze knowledge gaps related to food as a symbol in non-verbal communication. A scoping review was used, with data collected through a systematic search of the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Search terms such as nonverbal, communication, food, dish, cuisine, and meal were applied, resulting in 11,643 papers sorted from Scopus and WoS, in the selection of 11 articles for analysis. The research findings highlight six themes: lifestyle, location, time, identity markers, food characteristics, and the relationship between humans and animals. Additionally, the study identifies ten specific areas in food research, including meal timing and location, family context, employment status, health measurements, eating styles, emotional expressions, cultural rituals, and belief systems. This study provides a deeper understanding of how food is used as a symbol in non-verbal communication and suggests further exploration in varied cultural and ethnic contexts to address knowledge gaps in communication studies.
Keywords: Culture; Identity Markers; Food; Non-verbal Communication; Social Context
Simbol adalah elemen penting dalam menentukan kejayaan proses komunikasi. Penyelidikan ini menumpukan pada makanan sebagai simbol dalam konteks komunikasi bukan lisan untuk menyampaikan mesej sosial dan budaya. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jurang pengetahuan berkaitan makanan sebagai simbol dalam komunikasi bukan lisan. Kajian ulasan penskopan digunakan, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui pencarian sistematik dari pangkalan data Web of Science (WoS) dan Scopus. Istilah pencarian seperti nonverbal, communication, food, dish, cuisine dan meal digunakan, menghasilkan 11,643 artikel dengan memilih 11 artikel untuk dianalisis. Penemuan kajian menonjolkan enam tema: gaya hidup, lokasi, masa, penanda identiti, ciri-ciri makanan, dan hubungan antara manusia dan haiwan. Selain itu, kajian ini mengenal pasti sepuluh bidang khusus dalam penyelidikan makanan, termasuk waktu dan lokasi makan, konteks keluarga, status pekerjaan, ukuran tahap kesihatan, gaya makan, ekspresi emosi, ritual budaya, dan sistem kepercayaan. Kajian ini menyediakan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana makanan digunakan sebagai simbol dalam komunikasi bukan lisan dan mencadangkan supaya kajian lanjut dilaksanakan dalam pelbagai konteks budaya dan etnik untuk menangani jurang pengetahuan dalam kajian komunikasi.
Kata kunci: Budaya; Penanda Identiti; Makanan, Komunikasi Bukan Lisan, Konteks Sosial
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