Merungkai Beberapa Faktor Jangkitan HIV/AIDS dalam Kalangan Penagih Dadah Mengikut Perspektif Sosiobudaya
Abstract
Drug addicts are at high risk to be infected with HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS can infect a person through contact with body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. HIV/AIDS that exist in human body fluids can be transferred to another person through blood transfusions, breast feeding, organs and tissues transplantation, shared syringes, and sexual contact which includes bisexuals, heterosexuals, and even homosexuals. Almost all these mechanism leads to the biological aspects. Therefore, this paper will discuss about causes of socio-cultural in influencing the spreading of HIV/AIDS among drug addicts. This source of information is crucial to understand because majority HIV/AIDS sufferers are among drug addicts. But, not all drug addicts are exposed to the HIV/AIDS. The differences between drug addicts infected with HIV/AIDS and those not infected with it should be examined in order to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS from the socio-cultural aspects. The study was conducted at the Rehabilitation Centre for Drugs and Narcotics (PUSPEN) in Bukit Chabang, Perlis in 2008. In-depth interview was conducted towards 16 informants who are drug addicts and consists of those who areHIV positiveandHIVnegative. Due to socio-cultural influence towardsHIV/AIDS infection among informants closely related with sharing syringes, drug mix with body fluids and sex under drug influence.
Keywords: Socio-cultural factors; HIV/AIDS; drug; sharing syringes; sexs.
Abstrak
Penagih dadah berisiko tinggi untuk dijangkiti HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS boleh menjangkiti seseorang melalui kontak dengan cecair tubuh seperti darah, air mani, air mazi, rembesan faraj dan susu badan. Virus HIV/AIDS yang wujud dalam bendalir tubuh manusia ini boleh dipindah kepada individu lain melalui pemindahan darah, penyusuan susu badan kepada bayi, pemindahan organ dan tisu badan, perkongsian jarum suntikan dan hubungan seks yang merangkumi biseksual, heteroseksual dan juga homoseksual. Hampir kesemua mekanisme tersebut lebih menjurus kepada aspek biologi. Walau bagaimanapun, makalah ini membincangkan tentang punca-punca sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi jangkitan HIV/AIDS dalam kalangan penagih dadah. Punca ini amat penting untuk difahami kerana majoriti mereka yang dijangkiti HIV/AIDS terdiri daripada penagih dadah. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak semua penagih dadah terdedah kepada jangkitan HIV/AIDS. Perbezaan antara penagih yang dijangkiti dengan penagih yang tidak dijangkiti amat perlu diteliti dari aspek sosiobudaya dalam usaha untuk mencegah merebaknya jangkitan HIV/AIDS. Kajian ini dilakukan di Pusat Pemulihan Dadah dan Narkotik (PUSPEN) Bukit Chabang, Perlis (PBCP) sekitar tahun 2008. Kaedah temu bual mendalam telah dilakukan terhadap 16 informan yang menagih dadah dan terdiri daripada mereka yang HIV positif dan HIV negatif. Punca sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi jangkitan HIV/AIDS dalam kalangan informan berkait rapat dengan perkongsian jarum suntikan, percampuran dadah dengan cecair badan dan hubungan seks di bawah pengaruh dadah.
Kata kunci: faktor sosiobudaya; HIV/AIDS; dadah; perkongsian jarum; hubungan seks.
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