Transformasi kemiskinan bandar melalui intervensi komuniti secara holistik: kajian kes projek MASA@Sungai Nibong
Transformation of urban poor through holistic community-based intervention: the case of MASA@Sungai Nibong project
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2025.26.2.937Keywords:
Kemiskinan Bandar, Pembangunan Insaniah, Berfokuskan Keluarga, Komuniti Mampan, Menangani Kemiskinan, SDG 1, Urban Poverty, Humanistic Development, Family-focused, Sustainable Communities, Poverty AlleviationAbstract
Kajian ini meneliti pelaksanaan dan impak Projek MASA@Sungai Nibong sebagai satu usaha memperkasakan komuniti miskin bandar atau asnaf (fakir dan miskin) melalui pendekatan intervensi berfasa, holistik dan berteraskan Islam. Bertitik tolak daripada prinsip pembangunan insaniah yang berasaskan nilai-nilai Islam dengan penekanan kepada tiga aspek utama iaitu pembangunan komuniti, tanggungjawab sosial Islam dan pemerkasaan berasaskan kekeluargaan, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif asas untuk meneliti perkembangan ekonomi responden yang menghuni di sebuah pangsapuri wakaf di Pulau Pinang. Data yang dikumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kandungan. Empat tema utama dikenalpasti iaitu pemerkasaan ekonomi secara holistik, inisiatif keusahawanan dengan pemantauan berkala yang kerap, pengurangan kebergantungan kepada bantuan, dan peranan strategik pasangan ketua isi rumah (PKIR) sebagai ejen ekonomi baharu. Dapatan menunjukkan peningkatan ketara dalam pendapatan isi rumah, penyertaan aktif wanita dalam keusahawanan, serta peralihan daripada kebergantungan bantuan kepada keupayaan kendiri. Kajian ini seterusnya merumuskan Model Transformasi Asnaf Holistik (MOD.T.A.H) yang merangkumi lima komponen utama iaitu pemilihan sasaran strategik, intervensi menyeluruh yang diubah suai mengikut keperluan individu, pendekatan kekeluargaan dan komuniti, akses kepada peluang ekonomi dan bimbingan berterusan secara empati. Model ini berpotensi menjadi kerangka rujukan dalam usaha pengurusan kemiskinan bandar berteraskan Islam secara bersepadu dan lestari berpaksikan institusi zakat dan wakaf sedia ada.
This study explores the implementation and impact of Projek MASA@Sungai Nibong, an initiative designed to empower urban poor community (or asnaf – poor and destitute) through a phased interventional, holistic, and Islamic-based approach. Anchored on the principles of humanistic development, with focus on three key aspects, community development, Islamic social responsibility, and family-centred empowerment, this study employed a basic qualitative method to examine the economic development of respondents residing in a waqf apartment in Pulau Pinang. The data collected was then analysed using content analysis. Four key themes emerged: holistic socioeconomic empowerment, frequent periodic monitoring of entrepreneurial initiatives, reduced dependency on zakat aid, and the strategic role of household spouses (PKIR) as new economic agents. The findings indicate a significant improvement in household income, increased entrepreneurial engagement among women, and a shift from welfare-dependence to self-sufficiency. The study culminates in the formulation of the Holistic Asnaf Transformation Model (MOD.T.A.H), which outlines five main components: strategic targeting, holistic-yet-customised intervention, family-community synergy, access to economic opportunities, and frequent follow-up with empathetic guidance. MOD.T.A.H offers a scalable framework for Islamic-based poverty management in urban contexts and proposes integration with existing zakat and waqf institutions to ensure sustainable and inclusive socioeconomic transformation.
References
Ali, A. K., & Asfaw, D. M. (2023). Nexus between inflation, income inequality, and economic growth in Ethiopia. PloS One, 18(11), e0294454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294454.
Abidin, A. Z. (2009). Kajian kemasyarakatan dan ketamadunan menurut perspektif usuluddin: Tumpuan analitis terhadap Muqadimmah Ibh Khaldun. In A. Baharuddin, Z. Ahmad, N. Deuraseh, S. R. Ismail, & H. Abdulllah (Eds.), Ibn Khaldun: Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun & Relevansinya dalam Tamadun Kontemporari (2nd ed., pp. 137–143). Pusat Dialog Peradaban.
Ahmad, A., Ghani, M. A., Utara, U., & Utara, U. (2016). Meneroka Program-Program Pengupayaan Kegiatan Ekonomi Wanita. 2016.
Ayub, M. N. (2013). Konsep tamadun Islam. In M. N. Ayub, A. Y. A. Bakar, & Z. Mustafa (Eds.), Pengenalan Tamadun dan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporari (3rd ed., pp. 1–51). Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Candiracci, S., & Syrjänen, R. (2007). UN-HABITAT and Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme (KENSUP). UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/un-habitat-and-kenya-slum-upgrading-programme-kensup.
Combes, P.-P., Nakamura, S., Roberts, M., & Stewart, B. (2022). Estimating Urban Poverty Consistently Across Countries. In Estimating Urban Poverty Consistently Across Countries. https://doi.org/10.1596/37698.
Haq, M. Ul. (1976). The Poverty Curtain: Choices For The Third World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Jasni, M. A., Omar, N., Ah, S. H. A. B., & Nasir, N. C. M. (2021). Penerokaan Impak Kemiskinan Dan Daya Ketahanangelandangan Bekas Banduan Dalam Menghadapi Kehidupan Jalanan Menurut Perspektif Rutter Dan Luthar. Sarjana, 36(2), 25–47.
Kaiser, Z. R. M. A., Sakil, A. H., Baikady, R., Deb, A., & Hossain, M. T. (2025). Building resilience in urban slums: exploring urban poverty and policy responses amid crises. Discover Global Society, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-025-00142-3.
Khazanah Research Institute. (2023). Kesejahteraan kediaman golongan miskin bandar kajian Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR). https://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/editor/Laporan KRI_Kesejahteraan Kediaman Golongan Miskin Bandar.pdf.
Krippendorff, K. (2019). Content analysis. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781.
Lee, Y., & Han, S. (2024). Exploring urban housing disadvantages and economic struggles in Seoul, South Korea. Npj Urban Sustainability, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-024-00158-9.
Majid, A. H. A., Maamor, S., Zainal, H., Halim, R. A. C., Yusoff, M. F., Abdullah, N. S. N., & Yusof, R. M. (2024). The Ummah Economic Development Zone: An Innovative Community Development Initiative by Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah. Paper Asia, 40(6), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i6b.293.
Masitah Idris, Wan Fariza Alyati Wan Zakaria, Ahmad Sunawari Long, & Nozira Salleh. (2019). Pembangunan Modal Insan (PMI) Dari Perspektif Islam. Journal of Management and Operation Research, 1(2), 1–12.
Meerangani, K. A., & Hamid, M. F. A. (2021). Keberkesanan Model Transformasi Usahawan Asnaf Oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor (M. I. Rosele, M. N. S. Johari, & M. N. Paizin (eds.); Issue June). Akademi Zakat (AZKA-PPZ).
Miyamoto, J., & Buckman, S. (2022). Rio de Janeiro’s attempt at Favela urban upgrading: Analysis of the Favela-Bairro programme three decades later. Cidades, 45(December 2022), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.15847/cct.25913.
Mohamad Zaki, M. M., & Ab Rahman, A. (2019). Pengurusan Agihan Zakat Pendidikan: Kajian di Zakat Pulau Pinang (ZPP). Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 17(2), 141–184. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol0no0.279.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi, & Suhaimy, K. A. M. (2020). Pembangunan komuniti Islam Ban Nua, Hatyai, Thailand. In K. A. M. Suhaimy, S. R. A. Nordin, H. Othman, & M. H. Sabtu (Eds.), Matlamat tidak menghalalkan cara: Integriti (pp. 36–47). Penerbit UTHM.
Nasib, R., Lukman, K. A., Deligannu, P., Ali, N., Rahim, N. B. A., Rahim, M. M. A., & Leong, N. L. B. (2023). Poverty and Depression among the Urban Poor in Malaysia: A Narrative Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 19(11), 235–239.
Nawi, A., Yusof, M. R., Bukhari, N., Mohd Nasir, M. A., Mat Yusoff, M. Y., Abd Rahman, M. A., & Azhar, A. (2023). Kajian Tinjauan Program Food Bank Di Negeri Kedah [ A Study On The Food Bank Program In The State Of Kedah]. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 24(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2023.24.1.769.
Nooh, M. N. (2025). Peranan Zakat dalam Membantu Asnaf Menjalankan Perniagaan di Malaysia : Satu Tinjauan Literatur Kritikal. 15(1), 20–37.
Nurul ‘Iffah M A Zaaba, & Rusni Hassan. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on Zakat. Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.31436/jif.v10i2.600.
Nor Azrul, M. Z., & Noordeyana, T. (2018). Faktor Kemiskinan Bandar terhadap Pembangunan Pendidikan Golongan Lewat Kembang. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 32(3), 119–130.
Omar, N. I. K. H., & Jaafar, J. R. (2024). Pembandaran, Perubahan Sosial dan Peningkatan Peranan Wanita sebagai Penjana Pendapatan Keluarga. Akademika, 94(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2024-9402-01.
Rashid, F. D., Yaakob, R., Md Lateh, H., & Nik Ruslan, N. I. (2022). Penelitian Terhadap Wakaf Kediaman dan Pendidikan di Malaysia Menerusi Komperatif Negara Terpilih [Research on Residential and Education Endowment in Malaysia through Comparative Selected Countries]. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 23(3), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.3.696.
Sarif, S., Ali, N. A., & Kamri, N. ‘Azzah. (2024). Zakat for generating sustainable income: an emerging mechanism of productive distribution. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2312598.
Suhaimi, F. M. (2021). Sumbangan Wakaf dalam Membantu Pembangunan Wanita di Malaysia. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 22(2), 100–108. https://journal.unisza.edu.my/jimk/index.php/jimk/article/view/590%0Ahttps://journal.unisza.edu.my/jimk/index.php/jimk/article/download/590/436.
Sen, A. (1981). Poverty And Famines: An Essay On Entitlement And Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
S.Gopal, Parthiban & Rahman, Muhammad & Malek, Nor & Jamir Singh, Paramjit Singh & Law, Chee Hong. (2021). Kemiskinan Adalah Satu Fenomena Multidimensi: Suatu Pemerhatian Awal. Malaysian Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities (Mjssh). 6. 40-51. 10.47405/Mjssh.V6i1.608.
Sulong, M. S., Zainol, N. Z. N., Abdul Khalim, M., Wan Zahari, W. A. M., & Mohamad Malom, A. Z. (2025). The Transformation Process For Empowering Asnaf through Zakat Fund Distribution In The State Of Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24191/jcis.v11i1.4.
Un-Habitat. (2007). Un-Habitat And The Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme For Further Information Please Contact : In Journal Of Urban Health (Vol. 32, Issue 7). Https://Unhabitat.Org/Books/Un-Habitat-And-Kenya-Slum-Upgrading-Programme Kensup/%0ahttp://Www.Chs.Ubc.Ca/Archives/ Files/Slum-Improvement-Dhaka. Pdf%0ahttp:// Pkdas.Com/Pdfs/Nationalconsultation-Slums.Pdf%0ahttps://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10708-020-10196-2%0ahttp.
Wan Abd Aziz, W. N. A., Ahmad, F., & Hanif, N. R. (2011). Pembasmian Kemiskinan Bandar ke arah Bandar Inklusif dan Sejahtera: Cabaran Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Surveying, Construction & Property, 2(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.22452/jscp.vol2no1.8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.
Copyrights for articles published in JIMK journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
