Unlocking the Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and Group Cohesion in South Asia
Abstract
Emotional intelligence may be a powerful motivator of group cohesion in an organization as emotional intelligence could foster group performance through extending group cohesion. Present examination strives to recognize the associations among the dimensions of emotional intelligence and group cohesion. The convenience sampling technique was embraced to obtain data from respondents performing in different organizations like merchandising, manufacturing, financial, services, and others in Bangladesh through survey questionnaires. We employed an Emotional Quotient Index and a Group Cohesiveness Scale for assessing representatives' emotional intelligence and group cohesion respectively. Finally, 412 usable reactions were recognized which were subsequently investigated through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The outcomes uncovered that each dimension of emotional intelligence was positively link to group cohesion (self-awareness (r=.57, p<.001) (moderate correlation), self-regulation (r=.70, p<.001) (strong correlation), motivation (r =.67, p<.001) (strong correlation), empathy (r =.68, p< .001) (strong correlation), and social skills (r =.64, p<.001) (strong correlation). Regression analysis additionally unveiled that all parts of emotional intelligence explained 52% of variances in group cohesiveness. These exclusive findings will stimulate researchers, business experts, and employees of different organizations to install emotional impotence to encourage group cohesion among group members, thereby, contributing to superior group performance in the work environment. The constraint of our investigation was the usage of the purposive sampling technique rather than random sampling. Besides, future research directions are talked about in this exploration.
Downloads
References
Avery, G. C. (2004). Understanding leadership. London: Sage Publications.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446215487
Beam, M. M. (2012). EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND TEAM COHESIVENESS (Unpublished Thesis). Marshall University. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/303
Berkowitz, L. (1954). Group standards, cohesiveness, and productivity. Human Relation, 7(4), 509-519. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700405
Bhattacharjee, S., & Rahman, M. S. (2016). Assessing the Relationship among Emotional Intelligence, Creativity and Empowering Leadership: An Empirical Study. Journal of Business Studies, XXXVII (1). http://journal.library.du.ac.bd
Biswas, M., & Rahman, M. S. (2021). Do the Elements of Emotional Intelligence Determine Charismatic Leadership? An Empirical Investigation. Business Perspective Review 3(1), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.38157/business-perspective-review.v3i1.256
Biswas, M. (2018). Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and ‘Full Range of Leadership’ Model at the Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh (Unpublished M. Phil Thesis). University of Chittagong, Chittagong.
Biswas, M., & Rahman, M.S. (2017). Role of Emotional Intelligence in Transformational Leadership and Leadership Outcomes. BGC Trust University Journal, 4, 187-206. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327385576
Black, J. K., Kim, S., Rhee, K., Wang, K., & Sakchutchawan, S. (2018). Self-efficacy and emotional intelligence: Influencing team cohesion to enhance team performance. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 25(1/2), 100-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-01-2018-0005
Buchanan, L.B. (1998). The impact of Big Five personality characteristics on group cohesion and creative task performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/30415/etd.pdf
Bughao, M. G., & Baltar, C. (2021). Analysis of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Group Cohesion in a Filipino Emergency Response Team. Human Behavior, Development and Society, 22(2), 104-114. https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/248294
Coetzee, M., & Harry, N. (2014). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of employees' career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 90-97. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.001
Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2001). Business research methods (7th ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/BF02310555
Dobbins, G., & Zaccaro, S. (1986). The effects of group cohesion and leader behavior on subordinate satisfaction. Group and Organization Studies, 11, 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F105960118601100305
Druskat, V.U., & Wolff, S.B. (2001). Collective emotional intelligence and its influence on group effectiveness, in Cherniss, C. and Goleman, D. (Eds), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations (pp. 132-155). Wiley:Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Evans, C. R., & Dion, K. L. (2012). Group cohesion and performance: a Meta-analysis. Small Group Research, 43 (6), 690-701. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1046496412468074
Evans, J. D. (1996). Straight forward Statistics for the behavioral sciences. Pacific Grove, CA: Books/ Cole Publishing.
Fulmer, R. (1997). The evolving paradigm of leadership development. Organizational Dynamics, 25, 59-73. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/organizational-dynamics
Giao, H. N. K., Vuong, B. N., Huan, D. D., Tushar, H., & Quan, T. N. (2020). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Turnover Intention and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from the Banking Industry of Vietnam. Sustainability, 12(5), 1857-1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/cft6e
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York, NY, England: Bantam Books, Inc.
Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Goleman, D. (1998a). What makes a good leader? Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 93–104. https://hbr.org/2004/01/what-makes-a-leader
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). The new leaders: Transforming the art of leadership into the science of results. London: Little, Brown.
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (2003). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hogg, M. A. (1993). Group cohesiveness: A critical review and some new directions. European review of social psychology, 4, 85-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779343000031
Hogg, M. A., & Hains, S.C. (1996). Intergroup relations and group solidarity: Effects of group identification and social beliefs on depersonalized attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 295-309. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.295
Jani, A., & Deepti, R. (2015). Emotional Intelligence and Team Performance, Team Cohesiveness. A School of Petroleum Management, PDPU, Gandhinagar.
Kaur, D., Sambasivan, M., & Kumar, N. (2013). Effect of spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership and burnout on caring behavior of nurses: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nurse, 22(21), 3192-3202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12386
Kim, K. (2010). The influence of emotional intelligence on the negotiation outcomes and the mediation effects of rapport, negotiation strategy, and judgment accuracy (Doctoral degree dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
Kim, K., Cundiff, N., & Choi, B. (2014). The influence of emotional intelligence on negotiation outcomes and the mediation effect of rapport: a structural equation modeling approach. Negotiation Journal, 30(1), 49-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12045
Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Leadership- The Dark And Bright Sides. Modern Management Review, XXV (27), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2020.mmr.5
Malhotra, N. K. (2002). Marketing Research: an applied orientation. New Delhi: Pearson Education Asia.
Miville, M. L., Carlozzi, A. F., Gushue, G. V., Schara, S. L., & Ueda, M. (2006). Mental health counselor qualities for a diverse clientele: Linking empathy, universal-diverse orientation, and emotional intelligence. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(2), 151–165. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.17744/mehc.28.2.6khc06t87c2fr7y3
Noureen, S., Ahmad, U., & Chaudhry, M. J. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Charismatic Leadership Relation with the Moderating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange: Empirical Analysis from Qatar. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 17(7), 12843-12856. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/4969
Prati, L. M., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., Ammeter, A.P., & Bucley, M. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 21–40. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1108/eb028961
Rahim, M., Psenicka, C., Oh, S., Polychroniou, P., Dias, J., Rahman, M. S., & Ferdausy, S. (2006). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership: A cross-cultural study. In M.A. Rahim (Ed.), Current Topics in Management (Vol. 11, 223-236). New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers.
Rahim, M., Psenicka, C., Polychroniou, P., Zhao, J., Yu, C., Chan, K., Susana, K., Alves, M., Lee, C., Rahman, M. S., Ferdausy, S., & Wyk, R. (2002). A model of emotional intelligence and conflict management strategies: a study in seven countries. International Journal, 10(4), 302- 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.429760
Rahman, M. S., Uddin, M., & Rahman, M. (2016). Role of emotional intelligence in managerial effectiveness: An empirical study. Management Science Letters, 6, 237–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.1.004
Rahman, M.S. (2018). Relationships among Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Styles, and Job Performance of the employees in Chittagong Export Processing Zone (Unpublished PhD dissertation). University of Edinburgh, UK.
Rapisarda, B. A. (2002). The impact of emotional intelligence on work team cohesiveness and performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 10, 363-379. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1108/eb028958
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior (18th ed.). USA: Pearson Education Ltd.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1989, 1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190%2FDUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Sjoberg, L. (2001). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9 (3), 185-211. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Suifan, T., Abdallah, A., & Sweis, R. J. (2015). The Effect of a Managers Emotional Intelligence on Employees’ Work Outcomes in the Insurance Industry in Jordan. International Business Research, 8(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n9p67
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). New York: Allyn and Bacon.
Tekleab, A.G., Quigley, N.R., & Tesluk, P.E. (2009). A longitudinal study of team conflict, conflict management, cohesion, and team effectiveness. Group and Organization Management, 34(2), 170-205. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1059601108331218
Uddin, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Howlader, M. H. R., (2017). Empirical Study on Transformational Leadership, Deviant Behavior, Job Performance, and Gender Evidence from a Study in Bangladesh. The European Journal of Management Studies, 22 (2), 77-97. https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/14357/1/3_EJMSVol22Issue2.2017
Wise, S. (2013). Can a team have too much cohesion? The dark side to network density. European Management Journal, 32, 703-711.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.005
Wolff, S. B., Druskat, V. U., Koman, E. S., & Messer, T. E. (2006). The link between group emotional competence and group effectiveness. In V. U. Druskat, F. Sala, & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups (pp. 223–244). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhu, J., Liu, C., Yang, M., & Liu, G. (2020). Group leader emotional intelligence and group performance: a multilevel perspective. Asian Business and Management (5). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057%2Fs41291-020-00123-1
Copyright (c) 2022 The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
